We report the first two documented cases of neonatal zygomycosis caused by Absidia corymbifera. A premature infant developed disseminated disease from a cutaneous site with pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and cerebral involvement. The infant died despite amphotericin B therapy and surgical debridement. The second case occurred in a full-term infant with congenital heart disease and fungal pneumonitis. Zygomycosis was not suspected because of underlying cardiac disease and a complicated postoperative course, and this infant also died. Absidia joins a growing list of opportunistic fungal pathogens of the compromised neonate.
No abstract is provided for this article.
This chapter reviews empirical evidence to illuminate the role of the phenomena, particularly parasocial interaction and relationships, in fostering well-being. From a psychological perspective, parasocial interaction is not very different from other illusionary experiences, including optical illusions, in which, despite better knowledge, observers intuitively sense something that is not objectively true. A parasocial interaction actually builds on two different illusionary experiences: The first illusion is about social cognition and the second illusion that defines a parasocial interaction builds on a sense of copresence and mutual awareness. The compensation hypothesis has not been examined as implying that parasocial relationships, over time, actually replace existing orthogonal relationships. An attachment style is an important personality characteristic rooted in individuals early life experiences with their caregivers. Evidence regarding the loneliness version of the compensation hypothesis, that is, that lonelier people may maintain stronger parasocial relationships, is ambivalent. Gardner et al. argue that parasocial relationships, too, may provide such social snacking and social shielding function.
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No abstract is provided for this article.
Interpersonally controlling approaches are often used to keep individuals in line, ostensibly in order to create a safer, more civilized society. Ironically, emerging research findings indicate that when people feel controlled, they often respond by behaving in a less civilized, more antisocial manner (Gagné, 2003; Knee, Neighbors, & Vietor, 2001; Mask, Blanchard, Amiot, & Deshaies, 2005; McHoskey, 1999). The present research investigation explored whether a process of mechanistic dehumanization might help to explain the observed relation between interpersonal control and antisocial behavior, specifically with regard to tendencies toward violence. The results indicated that a significant relation between interpersonal control and tendencies toward interpersonal violence was partially mediated by perceived mechanistic dehumanization.
No abstract is provided for this article.
No abstract is provided for this article.
Many managers and academics have a passing familiarity with self-determination theory (SDT), which articulates the core principles that underlie the concept of sustainable motivation in organisations. But far fewer understand how to successfully implement a SDT intervention in the face of organisational pressure for short-term accountability and performance. We present the core principles of SDT, describe the principles that underlie successful SDT-based interventions, propose six steps (i.e. actions) that facilitate the creation of autonomous motivation, articulate the obstacles to successful implementation, and present two examples of successful organisational implementations.
The self-regulatory strength model maintains that all acts of self-regulation, self-control, and choice result in a state of fatigue called ego-depletion. Self-determination theory differentiates between autonomous regulation and controlled regulation. Because making decisions represents one instance of self-regulation, the authors also differentiate between autonomous choice and controlled choice. Three experiments support the hypothesis that whereas conditions representing controlled choice would be egodepleting, conditions that represented autonomous choice would not. In Experiment 3, the authors found significant mediation by perceived self-determination of the relation between the choice condition (autonomous vs. controlled) and ego-depletion as measured by performance.
