Publications

[Objectives] To explore the relationships between nitrogen fertilizer application and wheat aphid developmental duration and fecundity. [Methods] The developmental duration and fecundity of the aphid Schizaphis graminum(Rondani) and the amount of foliar soluble protein and soluble sugar in wheat were measured on wheat plants treated with different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer. [Results] The developmental duration of aphids decreased with increasing nitrogen levels and fecundity was significantly higher at 600 mg/L nitrogen than at 60 mg/L, 150 mg/L and 300 mg/L nitrogen. The intrinsic rate of increase, net value-added rate, finite rate of increase and the amount of population increase were lowest at 150 mg/L nitrogen. Foliar soluble sugar increased, and foliar soluble protein decreased, with increasing of nitrogen. Wheat aphids' intrinsic rate of population increase was significantly, negatively correlated with the amount of foliar soluble sugar but significantly, positively correlated with the amount of foliar soluble protein. [Conclusion] Different nitrogen levels affected wheat aphids' fecundity and population growth by changing the amount of foliar soluble sugar and soluble protein in wheat plants.

This paper presents an experimental work about the design of a truss roof for a long-spanbuilding. This study makes use of an innovative hybrid truss that has been developed in a parallelstudy. The project presented herein shows the direct application of the technology on an existingbuilding, emphasizing its feasibility, potentiality and functionality. The paper highlights thecharacteristic of adaptability to both newly designed buildings and existing ones. Starting from thetruss prototype, different shape configurations that the technology allows are hypothesized. Thefinal roof shape is selected based on study aiming at optimizing the elements sections.

Households are an important sector in carrying out human development activities, accounting for more than 30% of the total global energy consumption. The continued growth of household energy consumption (HEC) and carbon emissions is threatening economic and environmental sustainability. This review focuses on the research in the field of HEC and conducts a bibliometric analysis of research articles from the Web of Science Core Collection since 2000. The results show that: 1) HEC research has undergone rapid development since 2014, and interdisciplinary fusion and collaborative research have become dominant trends. 2) Keyword co-occurrence analysis clearly identifies the current urgent themes, including energy demand and its determinants, environmental impact factors and assessments, and energy-saving technologies and emission reduction measures. 3) The analysis of citations reveals that economic models, such as input-output models and life cycle assessment, are frequently employed in the field of HEC. Based on a summary of household energy-saving and emissions reduction work, this paper critically discusses the limitations of existing measures such as smart home technology, sustainable energy systems, and behavioral interventions. The main directions for promoting household energy-saving development in the future are identified: including improving the security and customer engagement of smart home technology, focusing on the availability and stability of sustainable energy, and paying more attention to low-income and aging households in behavioral intervention measures. One of the important obstacles facing research is how to reduce energy management efficiency and usage costs through technology and policy.

The Osmanthus fragrans(Thunb.) Lour.(Oleaceae) flower visiting insect species and foraging behavior have important significance on the study of the pollination biology and breeding system evolution. Their visiting frequency,visiting duration and behavior were observed and recorded. The results are as follows: the flowers are visited by 18 species of insects which belong to Hymenoptera,Lepidoptera,Diptera,Coleoptera and Hemiptera. And there are 7 kinds of insects belonging to Lepidoptera,6 kinds of insects belonging to Hymenoptera,3 kinds of insects belonging to Diptera,1kind of insects belonging to Coleoptera and 1 kind of insects belonging to Hemiptera. The main pollinators are bees and flies,because they have high visiting frequency and large number. The peak visiting frequency appeared in full bloom. The daily activities of the main pollinators appear single-peak type and double-peak type,which indicating a comple-mentary relationship among the pollinators. The visiting frequency and landing time of main pollinating insects showed negative correlation.

While motion classification architectures have improved in accuracy and robustness in recent years, computationally expensive approaches and sophisticated hardware dependencies limit their real-world applicability. To overcome these challenges, we have designed a lightweight, realtime architecture for classifying motions of the arm & hand using features derived from motor unit action potentials within surface Electromyographic (sEMG) signals, rather than which provide direct interrogation of underlying muscle activation patterns. We tested the architecture on 6 motions performed dynamically across a range of muscle contraction intensities achieving median classification accuracies ranging from 91.3% to 93.3 % and an average processing time of approximately 40 ms across three different classifiers. Taken together, our findings demonstrate potential robustness of motor unit based neural interfaces for motion classification tasks.

Household energy consumption is one of the major drivers of carbon emissions, and an in-depth analysis of its influencing factors, along with forecasting carbon emission trajectories, is crucial for achieving China’s carbon emission targets. This study reviews the research progress on urban household energy-related carbon emissions (HErC) in China since 2000, with a focus on the latest developments in influencing factors. The study categorizes these factors into five major groups: household characteristics, economic attributes, energy consumption features, awareness and norms, and policies and interventions. The findings indicate that income levels, energy efficiency, and household size are the key determinants of urban HErC of China and are commonly used as core assumptions in scenario-based forecasts of emission trends. In addition, although environmental awareness and government services have increasingly garnered attention, their specific effects require further investigation due to the challenges in quantification. A synthesis of existing forecasting studies suggests that, without the implementation of effective measures, HErC will continue to rise, and the peak emission period will be delayed. Enhancing building and energy efficiency, promoting low-carbon consumption and clean energy applications, and implementing multidimensional coordinated policies are considered the most effective pathways for emission reduction.

The straightness of seamless welded rail (SWR) is very important for high speed railways. To improve the straightness of SWR, in this paper, we propose a three-point bending straightening algorithm for I-type SWR. It has been verified by theoretical analysis, finite element simulation, and experiments. The three-point bending straightening algorithm for I-type SWR has three steps: (1) three-point bending straightening prediction models are established based on simplified cross-section; (2) shape compensation coefficients are proposed to reduce the influence of simplified cross-section on the accuracy of the prediction models; (3) effective simplified cross-section dimensions are determined by optimizing shape coefficients with the Trust-Region-Reflective Least Squares method. The three-point bending straightening algorithm, which meets the needs of prediction precision in the industrial application, is stable and convergent, and could be the basis of further intelligent straightening.