Public tolerance is an important factor of civil servants constraint mechanism. This paper, based on the quality of the grass-roots civil competency model and the zero tolerance concept, uses questionnaires to explore the current situation and influencing factors of public tolerance to the quality of the grass-roots civil servants defect. The first research that studies on 1 022 persons shows the public's tolerance to the qualification defects of grass-roots civil servants consists of five dimensions: tolerance to capability defects, tolerance to bad attitudes,tolerance to moral deficiencies, tolerance to corruption and tolerance to low achievements; different demographic variables have different effects, but there is no difference for the gender factor. The second research on 476 respondents shows that people have a relative higher tolerance to capability defects, but lower tolerance to corruption; influencing factors of public tolerance are harmfulness, plasticity, universality and discipline of the qualification defects of grass-roots civil servants and its direct connection with public interest. In the end, this paper puts forwards some suggestions as to constructing a social and ethical environment for improving the qualification of grass-roots civil servants from the perspective of tolerance.
Bovine ephemeral fever(BEF),which is also commonly known as three-day stiff-sickness,is an infectious disease caused by an arthropod-borne rhabdovirus bovine ephemeral fever virus(BEFV)affecting cattle and water buffalo(Bubalus bubalis).Infection results in fever,stiffness and a temporary reluctance to move followed,usually,by complete recovery.Economic losses are attributed to mortality of infectious animals,abortion,decreased milk production,reduced weight gain and lowered fertility of bulls.This article reviewed research advances in the history of BEF,epidemiology,etiology,pathogenesis,clinical symptoms,diagnosis,prevention and treatment of BEF caused by BEFV in the world,and the information present here would provide references for further studies of BEF.
The construction industry, characterized by high energy consumption and carbon emissions, plays a pivotal role in climate change mitigation. This paper employs bibliometric analysis, based on 282 articles from the SCIE and SSCI in the Web of Science spanning 1992–2022, to explore research trends and themes in Carbon Emissions of Construction Industry (CECI). A manual review was conducted to identify challenges and possibilities concerning accounting scales, objects, boundaries, and methods in CECI research. Key findings include (1) temporal and thematic evolution, with a notable increase in research activity since 2015, primarily focusing on energy efficiency, sustainable development, green building technologies, and policy evaluation; (2) scale-specific gaps, as 80.7% of studies are conducted at macro (national/regional) or micro (building/material) levels, while city-scale analyses are significantly underrepresented, with only 13 articles identified; (3) object granularity deficiencies, with 74.8% of studies not distinguishing between building types, resulting in rural residential, educational, and office buildings being significantly underrepresented; (4) system boundary limitations, as few studies account for emissions from building demolition or the disposal and recycling of construction waste, indicating a substantial gap in life-cycle carbon assessments. Furthermore, the predominant reliance on the carbon emission factor method, along with embedded assumptions in accounting processes, presents challenges for improving carbon accounting accuracy. This review synthesizes insights into prevailing research scales, object classifications, system boundaries, and methodological practices, and highlights the urgent need for more granular, lifecycle-based, and methodologically diverse approaches. These findings provide a foundation for advancing CECI research toward more comprehensive, accurate, and context-sensitive carbon assessments in the construction sector.
Osmanthus fragrans is very famous flower with rich cultivars in China,but a few seeds were found in nature.The breeding system structures between different cultivars were not studied systematically and the pollen germination obstacles were thought as one important reason.The experiment on different varieties of pollen cryopreservation of osmanthus fragrans showed that the pollen vitality of Osmanthus fragrans was not high,fresh pollen vitality could get setting rate 31.4%.Liquid nitrogen storage could prolong its vitality and vigor remain between 10%and 20%,pollen almost dead after 180d.Study on pollen germination processes found,in natural pollinations,pollen germination started 3dafter flowering;pollen tubes reached ovary about 5~6dafter flowering.After 2hby artificial pollination,pollen germination started on stigma;after 4h,pollen tubes got into stigma;after 24h,pollen tubes reached ovary.And there was a higher pollen germination rate by artificial pollination than by natural pollination.
PSASP, as a common calculation and simulation analysis software for planning, scheduling and operation personnel in power sector, is used to check and determine the operation modes as well as analyse and calculate the fault.
Glued laminated bamboo (glubam) moment-resisting connections, in the forms of bamboo-steel-bamboo (BSB) and steel-bamboo-steel (SBS) connections, were studied in this research. The monotonic and cyclic loading experiments with two types of bamboo panels, unidirectional and multidirectional laminated bamboo, were performed. Test results demonstrated that the off-axis embedment behaviors of bamboo panels significantly influence the mechanical properties of glubam moment-resisting connections. The brittle splitting/shear failure modes can be avoided by using multidirectional laminated bamboo panels. The ultimate bearing strength of the multidirectional laminated bamboo connections was 2.5 times that of the unidirectional one. The application of multidirectional laminated bamboo rather than the unidirectional one in moment-resisting connections significantly improved the energy dissipated ability and ductility ratios from 1.5 to 1.9. Thus, the multidirectional panels were suggested to be used for the structural components with complex stress fields. Methods were also suggested to determine the test curves' initial stiffness and yield moment points. A simplified calculation method of moment-resisting capacities based on the European yield model (EYM), considering the off-axis embedment strength of glubam boards, was suggested for design purposes at the end of this research.
