Plant wilt disease is infected by pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum,one of the main soil-borne diseases in the world.Biocontrol is a hopeful approach for pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum.It was summarized that the study status of biocontrol for the pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum,biological agents including Trichoderma,Arbuscular Mycorrhize,nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum,Paecilomyces lilacinus,Pseudomonas,Bacillus,plant extracts,Actinomyces etc,and their application.Problems and prospects for further studies of biocontrol for pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum were also discussed.
The spore coat of Dictyostelium is formed de novo from proteins secreted from vesicles and cellulose synthesized across the plasma membrane as differentiating spores rise up the stalk. The mechanism by which these events are coordinated is not understood. In the course of experiments designed to test the function of the inner layer coat protein SP85 (PsB), expression of a specific partial length fragment was found to interrupt coat assembly after protein secretion and prior to cellulose synthesis in 85% of the cells. This fragment consisted of SP85's N-terminal domain, containing prespore vesicle targeting information, and its Cys-rich C1 domain. The effect of the NC1 fusion was not cell autonomous in interstrain chimeras, suggesting that it acted at the cell surface. SP85-null spores presented an opposite phenotype in which spores differentiated prematurely before reaching the top of the stalk, and cellulose was slightly overproduced in a disorganized fashion. A similar though less severe phenotype occurred when a fusion of the N and C2 domains was expressed. In a double mutant, absence of SP85 was epistatic to NC1 expression, suggesting that NC1 inhibited SP85 function. Together, these results suggest the existence of an outside-in signaling pathway that constitutes a checkpoint to ensure that cellulose synthesis does not occur until coat proteins are properly organized at the cell surface and stalk formation is complete. Checkpoint execution is proposed to be regulated by SP85, which is in turn under the influence of other coat proteins that interact with SP85 via its C1 and C2 domains.
Three factors,CO_2/O_2 permeation ratio of the membrane,dynamic process of CO_2 and O_2 concentration in package and the change of respiration degree of wrapped products,which influence the effect of modified at- mosphere storage,are discussed.Changes of CO_2/O_2 permeation ratio of the membrane and respiration degree of wrapped products make the concentration of both CO_2 and O_2 to unfit the optimum value,concentration of both CO_2 and O_2 do not reach the optimum value before dynamic balance.All these influence the effect of modified at- mosphere storage.
The key transcription factor gene PdPapERF109 was cloned from Populus davidiana × P. alba var. pyramidalis (Pdpap), and after overexpressi
There are circumstances where tumors can only be partially resected. Therefore, multimodality therapy targeting post-operative residuals is important. Here, we show that bioorthogonal click chemistry enables targeted delivery to heterogeneous tumors, but its utility against tumor post-debulking is ineffective due to platelet cloaks that shield tumor cells from bioorthogonal pairing. We further discover tumor-infiltrating platelet levels respond to local pH changes. Elucidating this pH-platelet linkage, we design an injectable hydrogel for resection cavity implantation that simultaneously azido-tags tumor cells and inhibit their catalysis to acidify surrounding milieu. Unlike transient buffering, tumor acidification blockade sustains pH normalization, leading to durable platelet reduction. This reinstates bioorthogonal targeting of dibenzyl cyclooctyne-modified nanoparticles, thereby enhancing photodynamic ablation of residuals while amplifying systemic antitumor immunity. Concurrently, platelet/pH normalization interrupts metastasis cascade from invasion to circulation to colonization. Overall, attenuating tumor pH-platelet linkage unlocks bioorthogonal chemistry as a potential option for adjuvant therapy after tumor debulking.
No abstract is provided for this article.
To investigate the residual status of antibiotics in fresh and raw milk from Zhenjiang market and provide basis for strengthening control of the quality of milk products,TTC(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride)(GB4789.27-2003) was applied to determine the antibiotic residues in fresh and raw milk.The decision criteria is that the industry standard of antibiotics should not be detected from the qualified milk issued by the Ministry of Agriculture in September 2001.The positive rate of antibiotic residues in raw milk was 5.86% in keeping free-roaming farmers;the positive rate of antibiotic residues in fresh milk was 4.67% in market.In the baged and cased of fresh milk samples,the detecting rates were 4.41% and 4.79%,respectively.The results of the investigation indicated that the residual antibliotics in fresh and raw milk still existed in Zhenjiang.It was suggested that the work for monitoring the quality of milk products should be strengthened in addition to that effective measures are taken for reducing the quantity of residual antibiotics in the fresh and raw milk as well as to reduce the harm of antibiotic residues to the people.
As the carpooling has become prevailing in China, private cars and net about cars occupy the most of carpooling market. However, the current operation of taxipooling is the owner-led mode and unreasonable. To prosper the market of taxi, enhance utilization of taxi resource, and relieve the urban traffic congestion, this paper analyzes the demand of taxipooling. The demand is estimated in terms of three aspects: customer, taxi drivers, and traffic environment and resource, by using data of the current operation situation of different cities in China. Furthermore, based on the system of prevalent net about cars and the operation characters of taxi, this paper studies the regulation, organization, and fare distribution model of taxipooling.
Arbutin, a glycoside, is derived from the leaves of several plants, including wheat, pear, and bearberry plants, and has a significant role in the treatment of melanoma, cystitis, and cough. Here, we aimed to modify Yarrowia lipolytica to produce arbutin. To construct the arbutin synthetic pathway in Y. lipolytica, three genes (chorismate pyruvate-lyase (UbiC), 4-hydroxybenzoate 1-hydroxylase (MNX1), and hydroquinone glucosyltransferase (AS)) were codon-optimized and heterologously expressed. To maximize arbutin production, seven arbutin-biosynthesis molecular targets were overexpressed, and we found that the individual strengthening of DHS1 and DHS2 led to an 8.9- and 7.8-fold improvement in arbutin yield, respectively. Through optimization, a maximum arbutin titer of 8.6 ± 0.7 g/L was achieved using the finally engineered strain, po1f-At09. Overall, this is the first report of heterologous arbutin synthesis in Y. lipolytica at a high titer. Furthermore, this work opens a possibility for the overproduction of shikimate pathway derivatives in Y. lipolytica.
Species of Craterellus (Hydnaceae, Cantharellales) in China are investigated on the basis of morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from nuc 28S rDNA D1-D2 domains (28S) and nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. Five species are recognized in China, of which three of them are described as new, viz. C. fulviceps , C. minor , and C. parvopullus , while two of them are previously described taxa, viz. C. aureus , and C. lutescens . A key to the known Chinese taxa of the genus is also provided.
Methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate (MHPP) is a root exudate that functions as a nitrification inhibitor and as a modulator of the root system architecture (RSA) by inhibiting primary root (PR) elongation and promoting lateral root formation. However, the mechanism underlying MHPP-mediated modulation of the RSA remains unclear. Here, we report that MHPP inhibits PR elongation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) by elevating the levels of auxin expression and signaling. MHPP induces an increase in auxin levels by up-regulating auxin biosynthesis, altering the expression of auxin carriers, and promoting the degradation of the auxin/indole-3-acetic acid family of transcriptional repressors. We found that MHPP-induced nitric oxide (NO) production promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in root tips. Suppressing the accumulation of NO or ROS alleviated the inhibitory effect of MHPP on PR elongation by weakening auxin responses and perception and by affecting meristematic cell division potential. Genetic analysis supported the phenotype described above. Taken together, our results indicate that MHPP modulates RSA remodeling via the NO/ROS-mediated auxin response pathway in Arabidopsis. Our study also revealed that MHPP significantly induced the accumulation of glucosinolates in roots, suggesting the diverse functions of MHPP in modulating plant growth, development, and stress tolerance in plants.
