Publications

It has become a consensus that autonomous vehicles (AVs) will first be widely deployed on highways. However, the complexity of highway interchanges becomes the bottleneck for their deployment. An AV should be sufficiently tested under different highway interchanges, which is still challenging due to the lack of available datasets containing diverse highway interchanges. In this paper, we propose a model-driven method, Flyover, to generate a dataset of diverse interchanges with measurable diversity coverage. First, Flyover uses a labeled digraph to model interchange topology. Second, Flyover takes real-world interchanges as input to guarantee topology practicality and extracts different topology equivalence classes by classifying corresponding topology models. Third, for each topology class, Flyover identifies the corresponding geometrical features for the ramps and generates concrete interchanges using k-way combinatorial coverage and differential evolution. To illustrate the diversity and applicability of the generated interchange dataset, we test the built-in traffic flow control algorithm in SUMO and the fuel-optimization trajectory tracking algorithm deployed to Alibaba's autonomous trucks on the dataset. The results show that except for the geometrical difference, the interchanges are diverse in throughput and fuel consumption under the traffic flow control and trajectory tracking algorithms, respectively.

Lilium lancifolium is a plant resource used as both medicine and food because it is enriched with polysaccharides, polyphenol compounds, and saponins. Increasing the quality of Lilium species is based largely on improvement using methods such as selective breeding and proper fertilization. In this study, we investigated the different responses of L. lancifolium bulbs to treatment with nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) in Hoagland solution. A pot experiment was conducted with four N rates and five K rates under a completely random design. The agronomic traits, N and K contents, and concentrations of active compounds were determined in bulbs, including total phenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and saponins. L. lancifolium treated with N and K exhibited increases in the plant height, leaf number, and chlorophyll content compared with the control (N0 + K0). The bulb circumference increased by 17.41% under N2 (609.80 mg L−1) + K2 (523.34 mg L−1) compared with N0 + K0. Individual or combined application of N and K increased the total phenol, flavonoid, and saponin contents, especially under N2 + K3, with the highest increases of 1.87–2.93 times compared with N0 + K0. However, the individual application of N decreased the polysaccharide contents by 2.78–42.04%. Hoagland solution containing 443.24–572.87 mg L−1 N and 573.61–759.16 mg L−1 K is recommended to improve the active contents of bulb components based on regression analysis. Our results demonstrate that the combined application of N and K is important for obtaining high-quality L. lancifolium bulbs.

To compare the bidirectional effect of rhubarb total anthraquinone (TA) and total tannins (TT) on rats' liver.One hundred rats were randomly divided into 10 groups, i.e., the blank group, the model group, the blank + high dose TA group, the blank +low dose TA group, the blank + high dose TT group, the blank + low dose TT group, the model + high dose TA group, the model + low dose TA group, the model +high dose TT group, and the model + low dose TT group, 10 in each group. The carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) was used to prepare the acute liver injury rat model. TA and TT of rhubarb (at 5.40 g crude drugs/kg and 14.69 g crude drugs/kg) were intragastrically administrated to rats in all groups except the blank group and the model group, once daily for 6 successive days.The general state of rats, biochemical indices such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), laminin (LN), hyaluronic acid (HA), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), as well pathological results of rat liver tissues. Finally the protection laws of TA and TT for rats' liver were analyzed using factor analysis.Compared with the blank control group, all biochemical indices increased in the blank group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). HA also increased in the blank + high dose TA group; AST, ALT, and HA also increased in the blank +high dose TT group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, AST, ALT, ALP, HA, and TGF-beta1 significantly decreased in the model + low dose TA group, the model + high dose TA group, the model + low dose TT group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Serum AST, ALT, and ALP also decreased in the model + high dose TT group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Pathological results showed that mild swollen liver cells in the model + high dose TA group. Fatty degeneration and fragmental necrosis around the central veins occurred in the blank + high dose TA group. The pathological injury was inproved in the model +low dose TA group. Two common factors, liver fibrosis and liver cell injury, were extracted by using factor analysis. TA showed stronger improvement of the two common factors than TT.Rhubarb TA and TT showed protective and harmful effects on rats' liver. At an equivalent dosage, TA had better liver protection than TT. High dose TT played a role in liver injury to some extent.

Improving iron utilization efficiency in crops is of great importance to food security and sustainable agricultural development. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa

Spot blotch (SB) is a fungal disease that threatens wheat yield and quality. Presently, the molecular mechanism against SB is unclear. In this study, the resistant variety Zhenkang iron shell wheat (Yunmai 0030) and susceptible variety Lincang iron shell wheat (Yunmai 0608) were selected by identifying SB of Yunnan iron shell wheat. The metabolome and transcriptome of leaves of two varieties at different positions were detected using the systemic acquired resistance theory to investigate the molecular and physiological changes in Yunnan iron shell wheat under SB stress. We found that the genes and metabolites related to benzoxazinoid biosynthesis and arginine and proline metabolism were highly enriched after infection with leaf blight. The enriched differential metabolites mainly included phenolic acids, alkaloids, and flavonoids. We further observed that DIBOA- and DIMBOA-glucoside positively affected iron shell wheat resistance to leaf blight and proline and its derivatives were important for plant self-defense. Furthermore, we confirmed that the related metabolites in benzoxazinoid biosynthesis and arginine and proline metabolism positively affected Triticum aestivum ssp. resistance to SB. This study provides new insights into the dynamic physiological changes of wheat in response to SB, helps us better understand the mechanism of resistance to SB, and contributes to the breeding and utilization of resistant varieties.

Wucai (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. rosularis Tsen) belongs to the Brassica genus of the Cruciferae family, and its leaf curl is a typical feature that distinguishes Wucai from other nonheading cabbage subspecies. Our previous research found that plant hormones were involved in the development of the leaf curl in Wucai. However, the molecular mechanisms and the hormones regulating the formation of leaf curl in Wucai have not yet been reported. This study aimed to understand the molecular functions related to hormone metabolism during the formation of leaf curl in Wucai. A total of 386 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by transcriptome sequencing of two different morphological parts of the same leaf of Wucai germplasm W7-2, and 50 DEGs were found to be related to plant hormones, which were mainly involved in the auxin signal transduction pathway. Then, we measured the content of endogenous hormones in two different forms of the same leaf of Wucai germplasm W7-2. A total of 17 hormones with differential content were identified, including auxin, cytokinins, jasmonic acids, salicylic acids, and abscisic acid. And we found that treatment with auxin transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid can affect the leaf curl phenotype of Wucai and pak choi (Brassica rapa L. subsp. Chinensis). These results indicated that plant hormones, especially auxin, are involved in developing the leaf curl of Wucai. Our findings provide a potentially valuable reference for future research on the development of leaf curls.

Hedysarum scoparium and Caragana korshinskii seedlings were used as the test materials to carry out the roots exposure stress model test.By comparing the physiological growth indexes in the leaves of the tested plants, the stress resistance ability was evaluated.The results showed (1) root exposure resulted in excessive oxygen free radicals, which resulted in membrane lipid peroxidation and increased MDA content in two plants.The increase of MDA content in H. scoparium was greater than that in C. korshinskii.(2) H. scoparium mainly regulate their own adaptation to the stress by regulating carotenoids.C. korshinskii adjusts itself to adapt to the stress by regulating chlorophyll.(3) H. scoparium resist this stress mainly by regulating their respiration rate.(4) H. scoparium mainly through the mobilization of proline, by adjusting the proline concentration to reduce their water potential; C. korshinskii reduced its water potential mainly by regulating the concentration of soluble sugar to adapt to the stress.(5) H. scoparium and C. korshinskii activated peroxidase (H.scoparium) and catalase (C.korshinskii) to clean up intracellular peroxides, respectively.To sum up, under the same root exposure ratio, there were significant differences in physiological regulation and morphological indexes between H. and C. korshinskii, but their stress resistance mechanisms were quite different.

Background： By establishing the tissue rapid propagation system, the rapid propagation and large yield were not affected by external factors, and the scarcity of wild resources was effectively solved. Analysis of test-tube plantlets and wild plantlets by ISSR molecular marker technology to detect the stability of genetic characteristics of test-tube plantlets is of great significance to the study of germplasm resources and medicinal value of Leptospiraea japonica. Result ： The regeneration system of Rubus sachalinensis Leveille was established in this paper by using axillary buds as explants in vitro culture. The results showed that axillary buds of Rubus sachalinensis Leveille were sterilized in 75% alcohol for 40 s and then in 0.1% HgCl 2 for 8 min had the best effect, the pollution and the browning rate of the explants reached a rather low level, with the survival rate of 78.34%. The optimum compositions for proliferation culture, strong plant culture and root inducing were MS + 6-BA 2.0 mgL -1 + KT 0.5 mgL -1 + NAA 0.1 mgL -1 + IBA 0.05 mgL -1 , MS + 6-BA 2.0 mgL -1 + KT 0.5 mgL -1 + NAA 0.1 mgL -1 + IBA 0.1 mgL -1 + GA 3 0.5 mgL -1 and 1/2 MS + IBA 1.5 mgL -1 . The proliferation coefficient and rooting rate on these media were up to 7.71, 6.60, and 97.04% respectively. The most suitable transplanting medium for test-tube plantlets was a mixed medium of humus, vermiculite and perlite ( 2 : 1 : 1 v / v ), and the survival rate of transplanting was 100 %. This study was conducted to acquire a large quantity of wide Rubus sachalinensis Leveille plantlets and provide a basis for large-scale production.The tissue culture seedlings were amplified by PCR with simple repeat interval. Conclusion ：The results showed that the tissue culture seedlings had high genetic stability and low mutation rate compared with wild seedlings.This study not only opens up a new way for the tissue rapid propagation technology of L. japonica, but also lays a foundation for the maintenance of excellent traits and resource protection of L. japonica.