Engineering <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> for Enhanced Production of Arbutin

Arbutin, a glycoside, is derived from the leaves of several plants, including wheat, pear, and bearberry plants, and has a significant role in the treatment of melanoma, cystitis, and cough. Here, we aimed to modify Yarrowia lipolytica to produce arbutin. To construct the arbutin synthetic pathway in Y. lipolytica, three genes (chorismate pyruvate-lyase (UbiC), 4-hydroxybenzoate 1-hydroxylase (MNX1), and hydroquinone glucosyltransferase (AS)) were codon-optimized and heterologously expressed. To maximize arbutin production, seven arbutin-biosynthesis molecular targets were overexpressed, and we found that the individual strengthening of DHS1 and DHS2 led to an 8.9- and 7.8-fold improvement in arbutin yield, respectively. Through optimization, a maximum arbutin titer of 8.6 ± 0.7 g/L was achieved using the finally engineered strain, po1f-At09. Overall, this is the first report of heterologous arbutin synthesis in Y. lipolytica at a high titer. Furthermore, this work opens a possibility for the overproduction of shikimate pathway derivatives in Y. lipolytica.