In this paper, a novel adaptive-gain sliding mode observer (SMO) is designed for sensorless control of permanent magnet linear synchronous motors (PMLSMs). By the proposed adaptive-gain algorithm, the gain can dynamically adapt to a changing operation condition of the PMLSMs and reach an appropriate value in finite time. Stability of the SMO is proved by using Lyapunov stability theory. Compared with the traditional SMO, the adaptive-gain SMO can improve the control precision, especially when the operation condition is not invariant. Simulation results are given to show the advantages of the proposed method.
It is of great significance to establish a suitable irrigation regime for the artificial propagation of native plant Lespedeza potaninii in arid areas. Taking the wild excellent herbage L. potaninii from desert steppe of Ningxia as test material, we set up an experiment with nine irrigation regimes (three irrigation times of 2, 3, and 4 times, crossed with three irrigation quotas of 150, 250, and 350 m3·hm-2) to select the best regime by investigating the effects of different irrigation regimes on the agronomic characteristics related to seed production, seed yield and quality, as well as water use efficiency. We found that the irrigation time and quota had significant effect on plant height, branch number, reproductive branch number, inflorescence number, pod number, pod seed number, and the thousand-seed weight. The highest seed yield was obtained in the T3 treatment (irrigating 2 times, 350 m3·hm-2 for each time), which was 49.4% higher than that of the T8 treatment (irrigating 4 times, 250 m3·hm-2 for each time). The T4 treatment (irrigating 3 times, each time 150 m3·hm-2) had the highest water use efficiency. The germination rate and the germination potential of seeds under the T3 treatment were the highest, reaching 88.0% and 84.7%, respectively. The T3 treatment was the suitable irrigation regime for the artificial propagation of L. potaninii seeds based on a comprehensive evaluation using the entropy weight-TOPSIS method.
Abstract The effect of high Cu2+ stress on fermentation performance and copper biosorption of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BH8 during wine fermentation was investigated in this paper. Under high Cu2+ stress, the cell growth and survival rate of yeast BH8 were inhibited. With different copper concentration, the effect on cell growth of yeast BH8 was different. What’s more, high Cu2+ stress could inhibit the fermentation property, alcohol production and reducing sugar utilization of yeast BH8 in Chardonnay grape must, but not significant. And the trend of the copper ion concentration falling down was consistent with the trend of yeast growth rising up, meanwhile the copper content was still much less than the initial concentration after fermentation. In addition, yeast BH8 showed a good fermenting property and copper removal ability under high Cu2+ stress. These results could provide certain reference and some new data for the wine industry to face the copper pollution risk.
Both dietary protein level and myosin heavy chains (MyHC) composition of muscle affect meat quality, so we hypothesized that the dietary protein level affect meat quality partially by changing the composition of MyHC isoforms and the effect of ditary protein level on MyHC composition was different between breeds. Duroc ×Landrace× Yorkshire (DLY) (n=12, 150-day-old) and MeiShan pigs (n=12, 150-day-old) were allocated into 4 treatments arranged factorially, including 2 dietary levels of protein (high or low) and 2 breeds (DLY or MeiShan) by body weight and sex. There were one pig per pen, and feed and water were available ad libitum. At the same age, the body weight and loin eye area of DEY were higher (P＜0.05), but the values of pH(subscript 24h) and b(superscript *)(subscript 24h) were lower (P＜0.05) than that of MeiShan. The proportion of MyHC ha, oxidative fiber (MyHC I and MyHC IIa) of MeiShan was higher (P＜0.05), but the proportion of MyHC IIx was lower (P＜0.05) than that of DLY. A significant interaction was observed (P＜0.10) between breed and dietary protein level for the proportion of MyHC IIb, MyHC IIx. There was a positive correlation (P＜0.05) between MyHC ha and L(superscript *) value and a negative correlation (P＜0.05) between MyHC lib and IMF. There was a positive correlation (P＜0.05) between MyHC IIx and L(superscript *) value and a correlation (P＜0.01) between MyHC IIx and pH. The correlation coefficients of oxidative fiber (MyHC I and MyHC IIa) were also highly significant (P＜0.01) for b(superscript *) value and pH. In conclusion, the meat quality and MyHC isoforms composition were different between breeds, and the MyHC composition and meat quality of DLY were more sensitive to low protein diet than MeiShan. Feeding pigs with low protein diet could improve meat quality, but was not an effective way to alter MyHC composition. These data indicate that dietary protein affected meat quality not by altering MyHC composition.
Endophytes are symbiotic microbes that are mutually beneficial to the plant host and whose number and diversity affect the strength of plant resistance to stresses. The infection of sweetpotato with the scab pathogen can lead to yield losses. However, little is known about how the endophytic flora in sweetpotato respond to scab pathogen infection. This study used high-throughput amplicon sequencing with Illumina’s MiSeq PE300 platform ITS and the 16SrRNA gene to analyze the composition and distribution of endophytic flora in the roots, stems, and leaves of sweetpotato plants infected with scab disease and those of healthy plants. The dominant endophytic fungi in sweetpotato were Ascomycota, while the dominant endophytic bacteria were Proteobacteria. The diversity of endophytic fungi in the healthy plants followed a root > stem > leaf trend, while an opposite trend was observed in the infected plants. The diversity pattern of endophytic bacterial flora showed a root > stem > leaf trend in both healthy and infected plants. The scab pathogen Elsinoë was classified under OTU87 and was enriched in the leaves and stems of the infected plants. OTU87 was negatively correlated with Acaulospora and positively correlated with eight other fungal taxa, including Cladosporium.Future research should focus on exploring potential biocontrol fungal resources for sweetpotato scab.
Developing cost-effective and highly active nanozymes compatible with accessible biosensing platforms remains a critical challenge for robust diagnostics. This study presents a facile and scalable method for synthesizing teicoplanin-stabilized platinum nanoparticles (Pt@Tei), utilizing the glycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin as a unique stabilizer. Pt@Tei nanozymes exhibit potent peroxidase-mimetic activity, efficiently catalyzing the oxidation of chromogenic substrates (like 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)) in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The results indicate that the catalytic activity of Pt@Tei remained almost unchanged for at least 15 days, demonstrating the superiority of teicoplanin as a stabilizer. To demonstrate its application, we developed a sensitive smartphone-based colorimetric glucose biosensor. This assay integrates Pt@Tei nanozymes with glucose oxidase (GO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) to initiate an enzymatic cascade: Glucose is first converted to gluconic acid, generating H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The Pt@Tei then catalyzes the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-dependent oxidation of TMB, producing a measurable color change. Key experimental conditions were optimized, achieving optimal performance at 37 °C and pH 5.0. Under these conditions, the Pt@Tei nanozyme demonstrated a limit of detection (LOD) for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> of 0.177 μM. This system was further integrated into a paper-based analytical device (PAD). The PAD yielded a strong, quantifiable colorimetric signal in the red channel, directly proportional to the glucose concentration over the range of 0-10 mM (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.993), with a low glucose LOD of 0.385 mM. The platform exhibited excellent selectivity against common interfering analytes and high reproducibility (relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 4%). Critically, validation with goat serum samples showed strong agreement with a commercial meter and excellent spike recovery (98-102%), confirming their practical applicability. This work highlights teicoplanin as an effective stabilizer for nanozyme development and establishes a promising, accessible point-of-care platform for glucose monitoring.
