New Spiro‐OMeTAD analogues and the simpler “half” structures with the terminated methoxyphenyl and/or carbazolyl chromophores are successfully synthesized under Hartwig–Buchwald amination conditions using commercially available starting materials. New fluorene‐based hole‐transporting materials combined with suitable ionization energies properly align with the valence band of the perovskite absorber. Additionally, these compounds are amorphous, which is an advantage for the formation of homogenous films, as well as eliminate the possibility for films to crystallize during operation of the devices. The most efficient perovskite solar cells devices contain carbazolyl‐terminated Spiro‐OMeTAD analogue V1267 and reach a power conversion efficiency of 18.3%, along with a short‐circuit current density, open‐circuit voltage, and fill factor of 23.41 mA cm −2 , 1.06 V, and 74.0%, respectively. Moreover, “half” structures with methoxyphenyl/carbazolyl fragments show excellent long‐term stability and outperform Spiro‐OMeTAD and, therefore, hold a great prospect for practical wide‐scale applications in optoelectronic devices.
1,3-Diethyl-2-thio-barbituric acid reacts with 2-anisaldehyde to form the Michael addition product 2-anisylbis(1,3-diethyl-2-thio-barbitur-5-yl)methanate, which crystallizes as the title pyridin-ium salt, C(5)H(6)N(+)·C(24)H(29)N(4)O(5)S(2) (-), when it reacts with the pyridine used to catalyse the reaction. There are two independent ion pairs in the crystal structure. The anion features a methine C atom connected to three six-membered rings; one of the rings carries a hydr-oxy group, which engages in hydrogen bonding with the carbonyl group belonging to another ring. The monoclinic unit cell emulates an ortho-rhom-bic unit cell, and is a twin with a minor twin component of 35%.
Chalcones were synthesized by the reaction of acetyl ferrocene and corresponding aldehhyde under microwave irradiation. Results obtained from spectroscopic (FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, EI-MS) and elemental analysis of synthesized compounds was in agreement with their chemical structures. UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements provided that compound 1 and 2 are good absorbent and fluorescent. Fluorescence polarity study demonstrated that these compounds were sensitive to the polarity of the microenvironment provided by different solvents. In addition, spectroscopic and physicochemical parameters, including electronic absorption, extenction coefficient, Stokes shift, oscillator strength and transition dipole moment, were investigated in order to explore the analytical potential of synthesized compounds. The antibacterial activity of the compound 1 and 2 were first studied in vitro by the disk diffusion assay against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration was then determined with the reference of standard drug chloramphenicol.
Preparation, characterization, photostability and polarity studies of novel Schiff base dyes using spectroscopic methods were achieved. The Schiff base dyes were prepared by the reaction of salicylaldehyde/2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with aminophenazone under microwave irradiation. The spectroscopic (FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C-NMR, Mass) studies and elemental analyses were in good agreement with chemical structure of synthesized compounds. In addition, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic experiments showed that these dyes are good absorbent and fluorescent. Based on the photostability study of these dyes, minimal to no loss in fluorescence intensities of 4-[(2-Hydroxy-benzylidene)-amino] 1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one (D1) (6.14%) and 4-[(2-Hydroxy-naphthalen-1-ylmethylene)-amino]-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one (D2) (2.95%) was observed with an increase in the exposure time using time-based fluorescence steady-state experiments. These studies also inferred that these Schiffbase dyes have a high photostability against photobleaching. In addition, Dye 2 is found to be more sensitive than Dye 1 to the polarity of the microenvironment provided by different solvents based on the results of fluorescence polarity studies.
The asymmetric unit of the 1:4 title co-crystal of 2-amino-4-(4-chloro-phen-yl)-5,6-dihydro-benzo[h]quinoline-3-carbonitrile and 3-amino-1-(4-chloro-phen-yl)-9,10-dihydro-phenanthrene-2,4-dicarbonitrile, 0.2C(20)H(14)ClN(3)·0.8C(22)H(14)ClN(3), has the atoms of the fused-ring system and those of the amino, cyano and chloro-phenyl substitutents overlapped. The fused-ring system is buckled owing to the ethyl-ene linkage in the central ring. There are two independent overlapped mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. In one independent mol-ecule, the two flanking aromatic rings are twisted by 24.4 (1)° and the ring of the chloro-phenyl substituent is twisted by 87.3 (1)° relative to the amino- and cyano-bearing aromatic ring. In the second mol-ecule, the respective dihedral angles are 26.1 (1) and 57.8 (1)°. The two independent mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds into dimers.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
The complete mol-ecule of the title compound, C(14)H(16)N(2)S(2), is generated by a crystallographic inversion centre. The thio-phene residue is close to being coplanar with the imine group [C-C-C-N torsion angle = 6.5 (2)°], and the conformation about the imine C=N bond [1.281 (2) Å] is E. In the crystal, the three-dimensional architecture is consolidated by C-H⋯N, C-H⋯π and S⋯S [3.3932 (7) Å] inter-actions.
In the title compound, C(10)H(12)O(4)·H(2)O, the 2,4,5-trimeth-oxy-benzaldehyde mol-ecule is almost planar (rms deviation = 0.0183 Å). There is an R(1) (2)(5) ring motif due to O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are stabilized in the form of one-dimensional polymeric chains extending along [010] due to O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding with adjacent water mol-ecules. The H atoms involved in inter-molecular hydrogen bonding are disordered over two sets of sites of equal occupancy.
