Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) is an allotetraploid species derived from hybridisation of the diploid sweet cherry (P avium L.) and the tetraploid ground cherry (P. fruticosa Pall.). Although numerous self-incompatible cultivars exist, the most sour cherry cultivars are self-compatible, which might be due to their tetraploid nature. This review is dedicated to show the limited information on the genetics of self-incompatibility in sour cherry accumulated during the last five years. Two different hypotheses (genomic arrangement of the alleles or the accumulation of non-functional S-haplotypes) are discussed. Heteroallelic sour cherry pollen was shown to be self-incompatible, which is counter to the Solanaceae where heteroallelic pollen frequently self-compatible due to a kind of competitive interaction between the two different alleles. This review highlights some inconsistencies in the hope that clarification will be achieved in the near future.
Abstract “The more time the events leave for thoughtful men to reflect and suffering mankind to unite, the more perfectly the product which the present contains in its womb will appear into the world.” But in the second half of 1956 there was little time in Hungary to reflect and unite. We came too late, “we came too late all the time,” as the poet writes. In 1956 the leadership had gotten into a state characterized not only by the fact that “it was no longer capable of leading with the old methods,” but it had simply become incapable of self-renewal and starting over on a clean page.
Fruit setting behaviour of fruit trees remains to be in the focus of plant breeders and growers. Realizing that most species (cherry, apple, pear etc.) are self-incompatible and certain cultivars are cross-incompatible, mutual fertility properties and their reliable determination are of great interest. This review gives a comprehensive description of all known S-genotyping procedures, i.e. the classical fruit set analysis after open field test crosses; pollen tube growth monitoring with fluorescent microscopy; stylar ribonuclease electrophoresis (using different types of isoelectric focusing and 2-dimension polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis); as well as the most recent polymerase chain reaction based DNA-level analyses and DNA sequencing. The review presented not only gives a compilation of the bases of the methods described but also provides a critical evaluation and a comparative characterization of their applicability.
In our days because of our running lifestyle antioxidant characterization of fruits contribute more and more making our nutrition healthier.Recently this field of scientific investigations has experienced most dynamic development.The prickly pear is a member of the Cactaceae family, which has a significant role in the filed of innovation within the food and medical industries.It is widely distributed throughout the world: especially in Mexico, Latin America, South Africa, and the Mediterranean area, but some species could be cultivated even in Hungary.The aim of our experiments was to analyse and compare these cacti's components: contents of vitamins, antioxidants, phenols, anthocyanines, and mineral elements.Our results might help to diversify our diet by introducing new products which are healthy and delicious.
A rövid tanulmányban egy 16. századi magánlevélben megfogalmazott kérést elemzek a történeti szociopragmatika szemszögéből. A kérés pragmatikájának általánosabb áttekintése után a szövegvizsgálat szempontjait mutatom be, kitérve az eddigi gyakorlat kritikai ismertetésére. Az adott kor levelezésének ismerete a korban használt formulák értékelését is befolyásolja, továbbá hangsúlyt kap a levelezésben részt vevők társadalmi és rokoni kapcsolatának bemutatása is. A vizsgálat alapján nyilvánvalóvá válik, hogy a kérés megfogalmazása, a felhasznált nyelvi elemek és az alkalmazott eljárásmódok lényegében nem térnek el a ma is élő gyakorlattól, csupán az érvelő technika 16. századi élőbeszédbeli megjelenése tűnik mai szemmel redundánsnak. A kor viszonyainak ismerete (az adósság visszafizetése, illetőleg a hitelbe adott javak visszaszerzésének gyakorlata) alapján azonban a mai ember számára túlzsúfoltnak, redundáns ismétlésnek tűnő frázisok szerepének valós értékelése válik lehetővé.
Sour cherry is one of the most famous and characteristic Hungarian fruit what is also commonly used in food production as a colour additive. The sour cherry cultivar, ‘Oblachinska’ was shown to be a rich source of antioxidant compounds, including mainly anthocyanins. Valuable compounds in fruit juice – vitamins, polyphyenols etc. –are heat-sensitive molecules, which should be taken into account during the process of concentration to prevent degradation. Osmotic distillation seems a suitable option to product high quality sour cherry juice because this process does not require high temperature or pressure. Raw juice with approximately 15°Brix was used for the experiment and tried to concentrate up to 60° Brix where the water activity low enough to inhibit the microbiological deterioration. Before and after the process, TPC (total phenolic compounds) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) was measured using spectrophotometric methods to determine the effect of the osmotic distillation. Our results point out that osmotic distillation is a promising method to concentrate sour cherry juice and prevent the loss of valuable compounds.
In this study, some biochemical (total soluble solid content, pH, acidity and vitamin C) and in vitro antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, total ellagic acid and concentration of anthocyanins of fifteen wild strawberry genotypes ( Fragaria vesca L.) and one commercial strawberry cultivar Camarosa ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) sampled in Northeastern Turkey were determined. Antioxidant activity of fruit samples was determined by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays. Notable differences were found both among wild strawberries and also between wild strawberries and cv. Camarosa. Among the strawberry accessions tested, the total phenolics ranged from 138 mg to 228 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g fresh fruit. The total monomeric anthocyanin content was the highest in wild genotype FV-2 (53.51 mg/100 g) while the lowest in FV-6 as 25.11 mg per 100 g fresh weight basis. The total ellagic acid content was between 15.18 and 26.36 mg per 100 g. All wild strawberries had higher antioxidant activity than cv. Camarosa. Thus, it can be concluded that wild strawberry is a good source of polyphenols, ellagic acid and antioxidants.
