Publications

Fejezetek a magyar nyelv történetéből : Egyetemi jegyzet magyar szakos BA-hallgatók részére

Minden elő nyelv valtozik. Valtozik a szokincse, hiszen uj dolgok, uj targyak, fogalmak je- lennek meg az adott nyelvet beszelők vilagaban, es ezeket uj szavakkal, uj kifejezesekkel ne- vezik meg. Ezt mindnyajan tapasztaljuk: egyre uj meg uj szavakat, kifejezeseket tanulunk (sms, okostelefon, IMF, elővigyazatossagi hitel), sok altalunk tudott szo pedig (bekekolcson ’1950–55 kozott: evente kibocsatott, kenyszerűen jegyzett allamkolcson’, kapca ’labfejre te- kert ruhadarab (csizmaban, bakancsban)’, kihamuz ’kalyhabol hamut eltavolit’) mar nem re- sze az ujabb generaciok szokincsenek.

Genetic diversity of apricot revealed by a set of SSR markers from linkage group G1

S-genotyping of old apple cultivars from the Carpathian basin: methodological, breeding and evolutionary aspects

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Simple Sequence Repeat and S-locus Genotyping to Explore Genetic Variability in Polyploid Prunus spinosa and P. insititia

<i>S</i>‐genotyping of Eastern European almond cultivars: identification and characterization of new (<i>S</i>₃₆–<i>S</i>₃₉) <i>self‐incompatibility ribonuclease</i> alleles

With 3 figures and 2 tables Abstract Consensus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers amplifying the first and second intron regions of the S‐RNase gene and DNA sequencing as well as fruit set analysis after controlled pollinations were used for S ‐genotyping of Eastern European almond cultivars. Complete S ‐genotypes have been proposed for 19 accessions, and partial S ‐genotypes have been proposed for three additional accessions. Based on DNA sequences and fruit set analysis, two novel cross‐incompatibility groups have been proposed: group XXI ( S 11 S 31H ) including ‘Szigetcsépi 55’ (3/9) and ‘Eriane’ and group XXII ( S 36 S 37 ) for ‘Nikitskyi’ and ‘Óriás kagyló’ (4/4). Four new alleles were identified, S 36 ( FJ529211 ), S 37 ( FJ529212 ), S 38 ( FJ529213 ) and S 39 ( FJ529214 ). The combination of consensus PCR primers amplifying the first and second intron regions could reliably discriminate the S‐RNase alleles identified in this study from those described previously. Our results supply long‐awaited information on almond S ‐allele diversity from regions between the main cultivation centres and the centre of origin of this species.

Identification and Molecular Analysis of Putative Self-Incompatibility Ribonuclease Alleles in an Extreme Polyploid Species, Prunus laurocerasus L.

Cherry laurel ( Prunus laurocerasus L.) is an extreme polyploid (2 n = 22 x ) species of the Rosaceae family where gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) prevents inbreeding. This study was carried out to identify the S -ribonuclease alleles ( S -RNases) of P. laurocerasus using PCR amplification of the first and second intron region of the S-RNase gene, cloning and sequencing. A total of 23 putative S -RNase alleles ( S 1 – S 20 , S 5 m , S 13 m , and S 18 m ) were sequenced from the second (C2) to the fifth conserved region (C5), and they shared significant homology to other Prunus S -RNases. The length of the sequenced amplicons ranged from 505 to 1,544 bp, and similar sizes prevented the proper discrimination of some alleles based on PCR analysis. We have found three putatively non-functional alleles ( S 5 m , S 18 m , and S 9 ) coding for truncated proteins. Although firm conclusions cannot be drawn, our data seem to support that heteroallelic pollen cannot induce self-compatibility in this polyploid Prunus species. The identities in the deduced amino acid sequences between the P. laurocerasus and other Prunus S -RNases ranged between 44 and 100%, without a discontinuity gap separating the identity percentages of trans-specific and more distantly related alleles. The phylogenetic position, the identities in nucleotide sequences of the second intron and in deduced amino acid sequences found one or more trans-specific alleles for all but S 10 , S 14 , S 18 , and S 20 cherry laurel RNases. The analysis of mutational frequencies in trans-specific allele pairs indicated the region RC4–C5 accepts the most amino acid replacements and hence it may contribute to allele-specificity. Our results form the basis of future studies to confirm the existence and function of the GSI system in this extreme polyploid species and the alleles identified will be also useful for phylogenetic studies of Prunus S -RNases as the number of S-RNase sequences was limited in the Racemose group of Prunus (where P. laurocerasus belongs to).

Genistein isoflavone glycoconjugates in sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) cultivars

GYÜMÖLCSÖK SZEREPE A KORSZERŰ TÁPLÁLKOZÁSBAN

Heavy metal induced physiological changes in the antioxidative response system

Heavy metal stress induced alterations in the activities of several representatives of the enzymatic antioxidant defense system such as guiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were comparatively studied in barley seedlings treated by Zn and Cd. Although roots were the main sites of metal accumulation, the oxidative damage was detrimental mainly in the leaves. Our experiments clearly show that the investigated heavy metals have quite different effects on plant metabolism and induce the protective enzymatic system in different ways. It is inevitable that we should cope with the environmental damages induced by increased concentration of heavy metals. One of the common characteristics of these events is the oxidative stress generating active oxygen species (AOS) (Salin 1987). Plants have evolved various protective mechanisms to eliminate or reduce AOS species. One of them is the enzymatic antioxidant system, including SOD, POD, CAT and APX. Each of these enzymes has physiological function under non-stressed conditions, but their activity/or quantity is increased under oxidative stress. The comparison of the the antioxidative enzymatic system in seedlings exposed to two essentially different heavy metals, namely Zn and Cd should reveal essential elements of this defense system. While Zn is an essential microelement that is indispensable for normal plant growth at low concentration and is toxic only at high concentration, Cd has no vital function in plants developing under “natural” conditions.

Self-incompatibility in plums (Prunus salicina Lindl., Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. and Prunus domestica L.). A minireview

Japanese plums (P salicina) and cherry plums (P cerasifera) are diploid species, while European plum (P. domestica) cultivars are hexaploids. Most diploid species are self-incompatible while fertility relations of the hexaploid European plums are variable between self-incompatibility and self-compatibility. About twenty S-alleles and six inter-incompatibility groups and one S-haplotype responsible for the self-fruitful phenotype were described in Japanese plum cultivars, but studies on cherry plums and even on the European plum cultivars are severely restricted. This review is focused on the available information obtained from myrobalans and European plums; and discusses recent hypotheses regarding the putative origin of the hexaploid plums, and thereby indicates the possibility of allele flow between different plum species.

Molecular Analysis of S-haplotypes in Peach, a Self-compatible Prunus Species

The most commercially grown peach [ Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] cultivars do not require cross-pollination for reasonable fruit set; however, self-incompatibility is a well-known feature within the Prunoideae subfamily. Isoelectric focusing and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of S -ribonucleases; PCR analyses of S -RNase and S -haplotype-specific F-box genes as well as DNA sequencing were carried out to survey the self-(in)compatibility allele pool and to uncover the nature of self-compatibility in peach. From 25 cultivars and hybrids with considerable diversity in phenotype and origin, only two S -haplotypes were detected. Allele identity could be checked by exact length determination of the PCR-amplified fragments and/or partial sequencing of the peach S 1 -, S 2 -, and Prunus davidiana (Carr.) Franch. S 1 -RNases. S -RNases of peach were detected to possess ribonuclease activity, and a single nucleotide polymorphism in the S 1 -RNase was shown, which represents a synonymous substitution and does not change the amino acid present at the position in the protein. A 700-bp fragment of the peach SFB gene was PCR-amplified, which is similar to the fragment size of functional Prunus L. SFBs. All data obtained in this study may support the contribution of genes outside the S -locus to the self-compatible phenotype of peaches.

review of nutritional value and putative health-effects of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) fruit

Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) has been long regarded to be a health-promoting fruit. Although it is mainlyconsumed in processed form, its relatively heat-stable polyphenolics were confirmed to be responsible for most of the beneficial effects. This review aims to show basic nutritional information on quince fruit such as carbohydrate, fibre, pectin and mineral element contents. In addition, vitamin and polyphenolic contents and composition as well as the physiological effects of quince consumption were also surveyed. Information on presumable protective effects against several diseases including infl ammation, atopic dermatitis, ulcers and cancer is summarized. Potential antibacterial effects of quince polyphenolics were also considered. Polyphenolics are supposed to be responsible for the major part of benefi cial health-effects, and phenolic compounds predominantly accumulate in peel. There exists a considerable extent of genetic variation in phytochemical composition among cultivars, which might be exploited in designing future breeding programs for quince improvement and opening new ways for health-related uses.

The identification of the anr gene involved in the biosynthesis of polyphenolic compounds of stone fruits.

The Role of Economic Indicators in the Control of Industrial Enterprises

A recently active Prunus-specific Mutator transposable element induced self-incompatibility in apricot

Total Antioxidant Capacity and Total Phenolics Content of &lt;i&gt;Phyllostachys&lt;/i&gt; Taxa Shoots

Total phenolic content (TP) and total antioxidant capacity (AC) were analysed in shoots of Phyllostachys aureosulcata (PA), P aureosulcata f. aureocaulis (PAA), P. aureosulcata f. spectabilis (PAS), P. bissetii (PB), P. flexuosa (PF), P. humilis (PH), P. iridescens (PI), P. nigra var. nigra (PNN), P. nigra var. henonis (PNH), P. mannii (PM), P. sulphurea var. sulphurea (PSS), P. violascens (PVI), P. viridiglaucescens (PVG), P. vivax f. aureocaulis (PVA), collected on four harvest dates. Both TP and AC were determined following three processing methods, fresh, boiled and pickled in shoots of PF. Comparative study of TP and AC in the above Phyllostachys species shoots has not been reported before. The highest TP (1,227.6 μg GA/ml) and AC (154.0 μg AA/ml) values were measured in fresh shoots and the lowest in pickled ones. The highest values of TP were measured in the case of PA (1,321.95 μg GA/ml). The other taxa followed in decreasing order: PF, PVI, PI, PAA, PB, PAS, PNN, PNH, PM, PH, PSS and PVA. The highest AC values were obtained in the case of PI (184.24 μg AA/ml). The other taxa followed in decreasing order: PA, PF, PSS, PNN, PNH, PVG, PB, PAA, PAS, PV, PVA, PM and PH. The highest TP values were measured in taxa harvested on the first collection date and the values consequently decreased in taxa collected at later harvest dates. Our findings suggest that the earlier harvest date, through the influence of lower temperatures, could enhance the phytochemical content of bamboo shoots.

<i>S</i>-genotyping of Hungarian sour cherry cultivars

Hungary in '56

Abstract “The more time the events leave for thoughtful men to reflect and suffering mankind to unite, the more perfectly the product which the present contains in its womb will appear into the world.” But in the second half of 1956 there was little time in Hungary to reflect and unite. We came too late, “we came too late all the time,” as the poet writes. In 1956 the leadership had gotten into a state characterized not only by the fact that “it was no longer capable of leading with the old methods,” but it had simply become incapable of self-renewal and starting over on a clean page.