159 publications from this institution
Abstract Recreational fishing is a prominent leisure activity worldwide. With over 1 million participants in Hungary—approximately 10% of the total population—this widespread engagement may exert significant economic and ecological effects on aquatic ecosystems. Despite this, the potential environmental impacts associated with recreational angling had not been previously studied. Therefore, the objective of our research was to conduct a countrywide questionnaire-based survey (including 1242 angling clubs) of current management practices for angling purposes and to assess their potential environmental consequences. Responses arrived from 278 organizations, which manage 316 waterbodies (app. 25% of all). Most of them (83%) are small (< 50 hectares) artificial waterbodies, which are out of the scope of European Union level regulations. Standardized monitoring activities—i.e. fish assemblage, macroinvertebrates, etc.—were carried out only in 10–23% of them. Contrary to the low level of monitoring, 78% of fishery managers stated that they have complete knowledge of the fish assemblage composition. Although existing regulations aimed to prevent the spreading of non-indigenous species, their mean number was 4.6 ± 3. The most frequent four non-indigenous taxa occur in more than 80% of the waterbodies. Stocking is the most common (applied by 95%) management tool for prevention of overexploitation, however the number of stocked species is low (2.2 ± 1). Different age groups of Common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) are stocked in 93% of the waterbodies, regardless of their type and natural assemblage composition. Our analyses shows that the angling club leaders’ education level significantly influences their understanding of threats to fish stocks. Those with higher, specialized education demonstrated broader knowledge of these risks, whereas leaders with less education showed limited awareness. Our study highlighted that most Hungarian angling club leaders do not have enough reliable data about the state of their waterbody. Without these, adaptive and sustainable management is impossible, especially under the pressure of global climate change and biodiversity crisis. There is an urgent need of a paradigm shift in the management practices to establish a long-term sustainable framework of recreational fishery management. Should these measures be neglected, the ecological status of angling waterbodies will degrade. leading to an increase in harmful algal blooms and fish mortalities and the expansion of non-native fish species will continue.
Berries of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) are characterized by increasing popularity due to their presumable healtheffects. The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant capacity and total polyphenolic content in the berries of six Hungarian grown sea buckthorn genotypes and characterize the genetic variability in this trait. The harvest time of sea buckthorn berries affects the antioxidant capacity and total phenolic contents in berries of three popular cultivars of German origin. Berries harvested in October had higher antioxidant capacity compared with those harvested one month later. The extent of the difference was genotype-specific. Our analysis revealed a nearly 3-fold difference between the lowest and highest antioxidant capacities of the 6 tested genotypes with ‘Leikora’ showing the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power and total phenolic content. The TEAC values ranged between 1.76 and 3.13 mmol Trolox/100g fresh weight with Pető 1 and ‘Frugana’ having the highest values. The results presented in this study demonstrated that Hippophae rhamnoides berries possess in vitro antioxidant activity strongly determined by genotype but also influenced by harvest time.
A rövid tanulmányban egy 16. századi magánlevélben megfogalmazott kérést elemzek a történeti szociopragmatika szemszögéből. A kérés pragmatikájának általánosabb áttekintése után a szövegvizsgálat szempontjait mutatom be, kitérve az eddigi gyakorlat kritikai ismertetésére. Az adott kor levelezésének ismerete a korban használt formulák értékelését is befolyásolja, továbbá hangsúlyt kap a levelezésben részt vevők társadalmi és rokoni kapcsolatának bemutatása is. A vizsgálat alapján nyilvánvalóvá válik, hogy a kérés megfogalmazása, a felhasznált nyelvi elemek és az alkalmazott eljárásmódok lényegében nem térnek el a ma is élő gyakorlattól, csupán az érvelő technika 16. századi élőbeszédbeli megjelenése tűnik mai szemmel redundánsnak. A kor viszonyainak ismerete (az adósság visszafizetése, illetőleg a hitelbe adott javak visszaszerzésének gyakorlata) alapján azonban a mai ember számára túlzsúfoltnak, redundáns ismétlésnek tűnő frázisok szerepének valós értékelése válik lehetővé.
Almond [ Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb.] is cultivated for its nuts and is one of the oldest domesticated plants. Due to the genetically controlled self-incompatibility system that operates in this species, almond is characterized by great genetic diversity, the estimation of which has benefited from a range of marker techniques, including morphological characteristics, isoenzyme detection and molecular markers. Among the DNA-based molecular markers, simple sequence repeats (SSR) have been used most widely, although analyses have ranged from restriction fragment length polymorphism to the most recent single nucleotide polymorphism detection methods. Molecular markers have also been used to trace specific agronomic traits, e.g. self-(in)compatibility or kernel bitterness. Genetic diversity studies in almond have not revealed a direct relationship between the level of diversity and the origin of the germplasm. This might be explained by the relatively recent occurrence of self-compatibility in almond, which has not yet caused a serious loss of genetic diversity. The markers reviewed will be useful in monitoring and maintaining genetic diversity in almond breeding programmes, while others may permit marker-assisted selection for favourable agronomic traits. The cultivation, breeding and conservation of wild-growing almonds may equally benefit from the genetic diversity studies (especially those applying molecular markers).
In our days because of our running lifestyle antioxidant characterization of fruits contribute more and more making our nutrition healthier.Recently this field of scientific investigations has experienced most dynamic development.The prickly pear is a member of the Cactaceae family, which has a significant role in the filed of innovation within the food and medical industries.It is widely distributed throughout the world: especially in Mexico, Latin America, South Africa, and the Mediterranean area, but some species could be cultivated even in Hungary.The aim of our experiments was to analyse and compare these cacti's components: contents of vitamins, antioxidants, phenols, anthocyanines, and mineral elements.Our results might help to diversify our diet by introducing new products which are healthy and delicious.
Cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) is an understudied, highly polyploid (22×) species that is widely used as an ornamental shrub and as a fruit-bearing plant in Türkiye. We analyzed 43 accessions—33 ornamental cultivars and 10 fruit-bearing selections—by examining size variations in 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and the first intron region of the self-incompatibility ribonuclease (S-RNase) gene. A total of 498 alleles were detected across 11 loci, with the highest number of alleles observed at the S-locus. The SSR loci amplified between 4 (ASSR63) and 17 (BPPCT039) alleles per accession, with eight of the 11 primers generating more than 12 alleles per accession. Two markers, BPPCT040 and CPSCT021, uniquely distinguished all tested accessions. Of the alleles, only 178 (36%) were shared between the ornamental and fruit-bearing groups, reflecting significant genetic differentiation. A dendrogram and principal coordinate analysis revealed three distinct groups. Group 1 included most Hungarian and some European cultivars. Groups 2 (Western European cultivars) and 3 (Turkish selections) exhibited higher average allele numbers, suggesting greater genetic diversity in these groups. Our results indicate that cultivated cherry laurels originate from a broad genetic base and show clear genetic divergence between ornamental and fruit-bearing selections, likely due to differing long-term selection pressures. The observed genetic variability is consistent with the polyploid nature of the species and supports the presumed self-incompatible phenotype. This is the first study to report SSR fingerprints for ornamental cultivars and fruit-bearing selections, providing a potential tool for use in breeding programs.
The effect of Cd on chlorophyll (Chl) as well as on light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) accumulation, has been examined during the early stages of development in etiolated Phaseolus vulgaris leaves exposed to intermittent light-dark cycles. We found that at the Cd concentrations studied, both Chl and LHCII accumulation were drastically reduced, although the LDS-solubilized total leaf protein level remained unaffected. However, on the basis of total chlorophyll present, the amount of stabilized LHCII was similar in both Cd-treated and nontreated samples. Additionally, the thylakoid-bound protease known to degrade LHCII, was found to be inhibited by Cd treatment both in vivo and in vitro. Finally, Northern hybridization analysis indicated that Cd affects LHCII accumulation by reducing drastically the steadystate level of Lhcb transcripts
Almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb.] as one of the oldest domesticated plants is thought to have originated in central Asia. Gametophytic self-incompatibility of almond is controlled by the highly polymorphic S-locus. The S-locus encodes for an S-ribonuclease (S-RNase) protein in the pistils, which degrades RNA in self-pollen tubes and hence stops their growing. This study was carried out to detect S-RNase allelic variants in Hungarian and Eastern European almond cultivars and Turkish wild growing seedlings, and characterize their S-allele pool. Five new alleles were identifi ed, S31H, S36-S39 in Eastern European local cultivars. The village Bademli and Akdamar island are two distinct places of almond natural occurrence in Turkey. Trees growing wild around Bademli city showed greater genetic diversity than those originated on Akdamar island. Many of the previously described 45 S-RNase alleles have been also detected in these regions. Homology searches revealed that Turkish almonds carried some P. webbii alleles indicating hybridization between the two cultivars and massive introgression events. Our results supply long-awaited information on almond S-allele diversity from regions between the main cultivation centres and the centre of origin of this species; and are discussed from the aspect of methodological developments and evolution of the cultivated almond.
