Publications

Abstract Recreational fishing is a prominent leisure activity worldwide. With over 1 million participants in Hungary—approximately 10% of the total population—this widespread engagement may exert significant economic and ecological effects on aquatic ecosystems. Despite this, the potential environmental impacts associated with recreational angling had not been previously studied. Therefore, the objective of our research was to conduct a countrywide questionnaire-based survey (including 1242 angling clubs) of current management practices for angling purposes and to assess their potential environmental consequences. Responses arrived from 278 organizations, which manage 316 waterbodies (app. 25% of all). Most of them (83%) are small (< 50 hectares) artificial waterbodies, which are out of the scope of European Union level regulations. Standardized monitoring activities—i.e. fish assemblage, macroinvertebrates, etc.—were carried out only in 10–23% of them. Contrary to the low level of monitoring, 78% of fishery managers stated that they have complete knowledge of the fish assemblage composition. Although existing regulations aimed to prevent the spreading of non-indigenous species, their mean number was 4.6 ± 3. The most frequent four non-indigenous taxa occur in more than 80% of the waterbodies. Stocking is the most common (applied by 95%) management tool for prevention of overexploitation, however the number of stocked species is low (2.2 ± 1). Different age groups of Common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) are stocked in 93% of the waterbodies, regardless of their type and natural assemblage composition. Our analyses shows that the angling club leaders’ education level significantly influences their understanding of threats to fish stocks. Those with higher, specialized education demonstrated broader knowledge of these risks, whereas leaders with less education showed limited awareness. Our study highlighted that most Hungarian angling club leaders do not have enough reliable data about the state of their waterbody. Without these, adaptive and sustainable management is impossible, especially under the pressure of global climate change and biodiversity crisis. There is an urgent need of a paradigm shift in the management practices to establish a long-term sustainable framework of recreational fishery management. Should these measures be neglected, the ecological status of angling waterbodies will degrade. leading to an increase in harmful algal blooms and fish mortalities and the expansion of non-native fish species will continue.

Berries of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) are characterized by increasing popularity due to their presumable healtheffects. The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant capacity and total polyphenolic content in the berries of six Hungarian grown sea buckthorn genotypes and characterize the genetic variability in this trait. The harvest time of sea buckthorn berries affects the antioxidant capacity and total phenolic contents in berries of three popular cultivars of German origin. Berries harvested in October had higher antioxidant capacity compared with those harvested one month later. The extent of the difference was genotype-specific. Our analysis revealed a nearly 3-fold difference between the lowest and highest antioxidant capacities of the 6 tested genotypes with ‘Leikora’ showing the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power and total phenolic content. The TEAC values ranged between 1.76 and 3.13 mmol Trolox/100g fresh weight with Pető 1 and ‘Frugana’ having the highest values. The results presented in this study demonstrated that Hippophae rhamnoides berries possess in vitro antioxidant activity strongly determined by genotype but also influenced by harvest time.

Street trees provide a number of environmental and social benefits, including contributing to climate change adaptation and mitigation and providing urban green space.In all settlements is important to know the quantity and quality of the trees and develop up-to-date tree cadastres.Frequently there is a need to place a monetary value on amenity trees, therefore several methods with different approaches have been developed.In our paper we discuss and compare some widely applied international and Hungarian methods taken into consideration their benefits and disadvantages.A tree survey was done in the year 2010, in one of the greenest districts of Budapest.Based on the survey species composition, distribution by age of the trees, condition of the trees, proportion of the fruit and ornamental trees were analysed and calculations were done regarding the tree values.Results show that good judgement through experience is important in selecting the method to use, for no one method can be used under every condition.

Self-incompatibility of apricot (Prunus armeniaca) is governed by the multi-allelic S-locus, in which the pistil S-ribonuclease (S-RNase) and the pollen expressed S-haplotype specific F-box (SFB) genes reside. In apricot, self-compatibility (SC) is due to a loss-of-function mutation within the pollen gene of the S C -haplotype. Apricot S 8 -, S 9 - and S C -haplotypes were analysed using fruit set evaluation, genomic PCRs, RT-PCRs and DNA sequencing of the S-RNase and SFB alleles. Controlled pollinations revealed that the cross 'Cegledi orias' (S 8 S 9 ) × 'Cegledi arany' (S C S 9 ) set well, but the reciprocal cross did not. Sequence analysis revealed that SFB 8 is the first known progenitor allele of a naturally occurring SC allele in Prunus. A phylogenetic analysis suggests that S C -haplotype could have evolved in a cultivar with S 8 S i genotype, where S i is an unidentified incompatibility allele. The S C S 8 Magyarkajszi cultivars might have developed from such a mating. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in the S C -RNase and could be used for monitoring apricot dissemination routes between Eastern and Western Europe. The apricot S C -RNase was subjected to an intron phase analysis revealing some protein evolutionary aspects. Our results have notable implications for the elucidation of the evolutionary history of present day apricot cultivars and, in general, for the understanding of the transition from self-incompatibility (SI) to self-compatibility.

This review endeavours to collect all recent and substantial contributions to the quickly deepening fields of tree fruit self-incompatibility studies and hence updating previously published reviews. Studies carried out to discover the molecular basis of gametophytic self-incompatibility are summarized and a newly described model for the solanaceous plants is also outlined. We describe recent findings in all economically important fruit tree crops involving apple, European pear, sweet and sour cherries, almond, Japanese plum, sloe, Japanese apricot, European apricot and peach. Additional DNA sequences are now available for both the pistil and pollen component genes in several species and their molecular, evolutionary or economic implications are discussed in the light of the fruit setting behaviour.

Abstract: Health effects of fruit consumption are confirmed by many studies. Such effects are attributed to the polyphenolic compounds accumulating in fruit skin and mesocarp tissues. They contribute to the regulation on transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic levels. Since people consume much less fruits than the recommended quantities, a new approach includes the promotion of super fruits that are extremely rich sources of specific health compounds. A comparative analysis of Hungarian stone fruit cultivars detected a huge variability in fruit in vitro antioxidant capacity and total polyphenolic content. Two outstanding sour cherry cultivars (‘Pipacs 1’ and ‘Fanal’) were identified to accumulate elevated levels of polyphenolic compounds in their fruits. Sour cherries with different polyphenolic compositions were tested against alimentary induced hyperlipidemia using male Wistar rat model. Consumption of cherry fruit had different consequences for different cultivars: consumption of ‘Pipacs 1’ and ‘Fanal’ fruits resulted in 30% lower total cholesterol levels in the sera of hyperlipidemic animals after only 10 days of treatment. However, the consumption of ‘Újfehértói fürtös’ fruit has not induced significant alterations in the same parameter. Other lipid parameters also reflected the short-term beneficial effects of ‘Pipacs 1’ and ‘Fanal’ fruits. We suggest that not only some tropical and berry fruits might be considered as super fruits but certain genotypes of stone fruits as well. These have indeed marked physiological effects. Since ‘Pipacs 1’ and ‘Fanal’ are rich sources of colourless polyphenolics (e.g., phenolic acids and isoflavonoids) and anthocyanins, respectively, the protective effects associated with their consumption can be attributed to different polyphenolic compounds. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(18): 720–725.

The antioxidant effects, the levels of total phenol and the total phenol contents of volatile oils and plant extracts were determined in eight various Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) clones. Antioxidant acitvities and the total phenol contents were measured by spectophotometric method as well as the volatile oil content of the fresh plants with gas chromatograph. Our preliminary results clearly indicate that the antioxidant capacity of volatile oils and plant extracts closely related to the total phenol contents. Reason of the observed differences should be revealed by the determination of the quantity and quality of the individual volatile oil components.

Ebben a rövid írásban a szerző Kugler Nóra három írásának kritikai tárgyalását kínálja kiindulópontként, hogy kifejtse saját nézeteit a történeti nyelvészet általánosítható érvelési eljárásairól: az önorientáció szükségességéről a szakirodalomban, az adatok megfelelő kronológiájának felállításának, az adatkezelés kritikai megközelítésének és a történeti szociolingvisztikai perspektívának a fontosságát.

The S-genotypes of 63 wild-growing Turkish apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.) were determined by PCR amplification of the S-RNase intron regions and SFB gene in order to characterise their sexual (in)compatibility phenotype. We determined the complete S-genotype of 63 wild-grown apricot accessions that originated in the Erzincan region. Ten previously described and 2 new S-alleles (provisionally labelled S_X and S_Y) were identified in the genotypes. S_2 was the most frequent S-allele in the tested germplasm (occurred in 19 accessions), followed by S_8 (17), S_{19} (16), S_3 (13), S_{12} (11), S_6 (10), and S_7 (10); while S_{9}-, S_{11}-, and S_{13}-alleles were found in 8 accessions. A total of 36 different S-genotypes were assigned to the tested accessions. The S_{C}-allele responsible for self-compatibility in apricot was not present, indicating that all accessions are self-incompatible. The analysis of S-allele frequencies allowed us to conclude the close relationship of wild-grown and cultivated apricots in Turkey and helped to raise hypotheses to explain high occurrences of S_2- and S_8-alleles.

Quince (Cydonia oblongaMill.) is a minor fruit crop, which is primarily used for marmalade, jam and sauce.Very few quince cultivars are known all over the world and in many cases similar names are used for presumably different cultivars. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and characterize the genetic diversity of 36 quince cultivars and selections with SSR markers. Seven out of 8 SSR markers designed from apple sequences could successfully yield amplification also in quince cultivars. Number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 3 alleles. These allele numbers are quite low when compared to apple. It is supposed to be the consequence of a genetic bottleneck. In spite of the low allele number per locus, the 36 quince cultivars formed 30 different genotypes. The ratio of homozygosity was low, which might be coupled with the self-(in)compatibility phenotype of quinces. SSR markers proved unable to differentiate putatively closely related cultivars (e.g. ‘Bereczki’ and ‘Bereczki bôtermő’). In general, the level of polymorphism among the tested quince genotypes was much restricted due to the low allele number detected. However, it must be considered that the number of analysed SSR loci is not enough high to estimate the overall heterozygosity of the quince genome. Further experiments are needed and the SSR markers proved to be a reliable and useful tool for such analyses.