Abstract We report the chemo‐ and regioselective hydrogenolysis of the C−O bonds in di‐ ortho ‐substituted diaryl ethers under the catalysis of a supported nickel catalyst. The catalyst comprises heterogeneous nickel particles supported on activated carbon and furnishes arenes and phenols in high yields without hydrogenation. The high thermal stability of the embedded metal particles allows C−O bond cleavage to occur in highly substituted diaryl ether units akin to those in lignin. Preliminary mechanistic experiments show that this catalyst undergoes sintering less readily than previously reported catalyst particles that form from a solution of [Ni(cod) 2 ].
Binary catalysts for oxydehydrogenation of ethane were prepared and tested: Mo[sub 19]NbO[sub x], Mo[sub 4]VO[sub x], V[sub 5]NbO[sub x]. The combination of Mo and V is more active, selective than V-Nb or Mo and Nb. Nb in catalysts, particularly ternary, inhibits CO[sub 2] formation. Propane oxydehydrogenation occurs at lower temperature than ethane conversion over both binary and ternary catalysts; however selectivity to propylene is lower than for ethylene from ethane. Propylene is completely converted to carbon oxides when charged to the catalyst in absence of propane. Attempts failed to obtain higher hydrocarbons by oligemerizing propylene over acidic catalysts as it is formed.
We present an analysis of the finite deformation of an annular memberane induced by the rotation of a rigid hub. The memberane is partly wrinkled for certain combinations of hub radius and rotation angle. For a particular strain-energy function of harmonic type, we obtain solutions that are analytical in the sense that the problem is reduced to an algebraic system in three parameters. Solutions of this system are used to characterize various properties of the deformation, including the equilibrium torque-twist relation.
the body configuration in (b). The goal of this work is to recover human body configurations from static images. Without assuming a priori knowledge of scale, pose or appearance, this problem is extremely challenging and demands the use of all possible sources of information. We develop a framework which can incorporate arbitrary pairwise constraints between body parts, such as scale compatibility, relative position, symmetry of clothing and smooth contour connections between parts. We detect candidate body parts from bottom-up using parallelism, and use various pairwise configuration constraints to assemble them together into body configurations. To find the most probable configuration, we solve an Integer Quadratic Programming problem with a standard technique using linear approximations. Approximate IQP allows us to incorporate much more information than the traditional dynamic programming and remains computationally efficient. 15 hand-labeled images are used to train the low-level part detector and learn the pairwise constraints. We show test results on a variety of images. 1.
A novel platform, the cellular neural network universal machine (CNN-UM) model is proposed to simulate the spatial prisoner's dilemma (SPD) game introduced in [Nowak & May, 1992]. The application of CNN is motivated by both its high conformity with the modeled natural phenomena (analog dynamics) and its superior speed enabling the exploration of the SPD's vast parameter space. Several models are shown as examples of CNN implementation. In particular, a synchronously updated model is introduced using strategy based on best individual strategy (BIS). A new synchronous model is shown based on better average strategy (BAS). Stemming from the CNN implementation of synchronous SPD an asynchronous model has been developed employing BIS, and the survival of clusters of cooperating individuals is demonstrated. This seems to contradict the view elaborated in [Huberman & Glance 1993] claiming that the viability of cooperation is an artifact of synchronous updating in SPD.
Chapter 9 develops the notion of material stability on the basis of small-amplitude wave propagation. This is shown to correlate with the smoothness of finite equilibrium deformations, granted sufficient a priori regularity assumptions. The central role played by the condition of strong ellipticity is emphasized.
article Free Access Share on Observations on the dynamics of a congestion control algorithm: the effects of two-way traffic Authors: Lixia Zhang Computer Science Laboratory, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center Computer Science Laboratory, Xerox Palo Alto Research CenterView Profile , Scott Shenker Computer Science Laboratory, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center Computer Science Laboratory, Xerox Palo Alto Research CenterView Profile , Daivd D. Clark Laboratory for Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Laboratory for Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication ReviewVolume 21Issue 4Sept. 1991 pp 133–147https://doi.org/10.1145/115994.116006Online:01 August 1991Publication History 280citation1,639DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations280Total Downloads1,639Last 12 Months98Last 6 weeks15 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Este artigo analisa o crescimento exponencial do número de detentos ocorrido nos Estados Unidos a partir de meados dos anos 70. Procura mostrar que esse crescimento não corresponde a um aumento da criminalidade, mas à conjugação de três séries causais, quais sejam: o declínio do "ideal de reabilitação" dos prisioneiros, a instrumentalização do medo da violência pelos políticos e pela mídia e a função de mecanismo de controle racial assumido pelo sistema penal americano. Em suma, a hiperflação carcerária revela a contraface do enfraquecimento do Estado de Bem-Estar Social e a sua substituição por um Estado penal.
We address the task of predicting pose for objects of unannotated object categories from a small seed set of annotated object classes. We present a generalized classifier that can reliably induce pose given a single instance of a novel category. In case of availability of a large collection of novel instances, our approach then jointly reasons over all instances to improve the initial estimates. We empirically validate the various components of our algorithm and quantitatively show that our method produces reliable pose estimates. We also show qualitative results on a diverse set of classes and further demonstrate the applicability of our system for learning shape models of novel object classes.
