3,134 publications from this institution
By far, the majority of studies in molecular evolution have focused on genetic change across one or more generations.Much less is known about the genetic changes that occur during the life time of an individual, or somatic evolution, of which cancer is probably the best-known example.Cancer is an adaptive evolutionary process in which distinct genetic clones compete for space and resources (Cairns 1975;Greaves and Maley 2012;Nowell 1976).Modern cancer biology and genomics have validated the evolutionary nature of cancer, which has attracted much attention in recent years (Burrell and Swanton 2014;Gerlinger et al. 2014).Not surprisingly, cancer genomics has unveiled a significant amount of intratumor heterogeneity in most tumor types (Burrell et al. 2013;Michor and Polyak 2010;Swanton 2012).However, but logically, most studies in cancer genomics have been mostly concerned with the identification of the genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to cell transformation, tumor growth, metastasis and drug resistance, and much less with molecular evolutionary aspects.Despite a relatively rich literature on cancer evolutionary dynamics (Michor et al. 2004;Sottoriva et al. 2011), little is known about the evolutionary mechanisms that drive tumor progression at the molecular and cellular level, and evolutionary insights in cancer are based, for the most part, on mathematical models of carcinogenesis (Beerenwinkel et al. 2015).Fortunately, the chance to obtain a more quantitative understanding of cancer molecular evolution is here.
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A single nanoplatform integrating laser-induced heat generation by gold nanoparticles and temperature sensing up to 2000 K via (Gd,Yb,Er)2 O3 nanorods is demonstrated, which presents considerable potential for nanoscale photonics and biomedicine. Blackbody emission is ascertained from the temperature increment with AuNP concentration, emission color coordinates as a function of the laser pump power, and Planck's law of blackbody radiation.
We report the formation of copper nanoparticles with various morphologies and low polydispersity, using Au nanoparticles as templates. This seeded growth strategy is based on the reduction of Cu2+ with hydrazine in water at low temperature. Additionally, the use of poly(acrylic acid) as capping agent allows synthesis under aerobic conditions. The dimensions of the resulting Au@Cu nanoparticles can be readily tuned through either the dimensions of the Au cores or the Cu/Au molar ratio. Although Au and Cu show a significant lattice mismatch, epitaxial growth of Cu onto single crystal Au nanorods was confirmed through high-resolution electron microscopy and electron diffraction analysis. The effects of core morphology on the optical properties of the core–shell nanoparticles were analyzed by vis-NIR spectroscopy and were found to agree with simulations based on the boundary element method. This work contributes to understand the strong effect of interband transitions on the optical response of Au@Cu and to confirm the importance of tuning the localized surface plasmon resonance away from the interband transitions.
