(1) Objective: The opacity of soils complicates studies of root infection. An example of this is the infection of Armillaria solidipes on poplar (Populus davidiana × Populus alba var. pyramidalis Louche) roots systems, which risks damaging trees. (2) Methods: Only one of the four tested substrates for tree species was shown to be suitable to perform X-ray computed tomography (CT). Three-dimensional (3D) imaging was used to reconstruct the root system of poplar seedlings and the changes caused by the infection. (3) Results: We developed a protocol to efficiently grow poplar on a synthetic matrix, vermiculite, that allows for monitoring the root system by X-ray CT. Poplar 3D reconstruction of the root system was automated using the software Win-RHIZO, and various infection parameters were identified. (4) Conclusions: Our procedure allows for monitoring the infection of root systems and provides new opportunities to characterize the complex Armillaria solidipes poplar interaction using X-ray CT.
Objective To verify whether mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) is the target gene of microRNA (miR)-129 in prostate cancer cells, and to explore the corresponding molecular mechanism. Methods Target genes of miR-129 were predicted and screened by bioinformatics software. A target gene 3'untranslated region(3'-UTR) dual luciferase wild-type vector and binding site mutant vectors were constructed, which were co-transfected respectively with the has-miR-129 mimic and scramble mimic into PC-3 cells, and 48 h later the luciferase activities were detected. The mRNA expression levels of target gene were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) after mimic transfection into PC-3 cells at 48 h. The protein expression levels of target gene and its downstream regulation genes were detected by Western blotting. Results MAPK1 was screened as a possible target gene of miR-129. After miR-129 over-expression, the luciferase activity values of pMIR_MAPK1_WT (0.495±0.070) were significantly lower than those of scramble control groups (1.000±0.128, P 0.05). The mRNA relative expression levels of MAPK1 (0.720±0.041) after miR-129 over-expression was lower than those in scramble control groups (1.000±0.056, P 0.05). Conclusion MAPK1 may be a direct target gene of miR-129. MiR-129 may play anti-tumor roles in prostate cancer cells through inhibiting the activities of MAPK1 signaling pathway. Key words: Prostate cancer; MicroRNA-129; Target gene
In order to alleviate environmental pollution and the shortage of petroleum resources, improve the utilization of renewable materials, the research of biodegradable green composite materials has become a research hotspot. In this paper, Poplar Wood powder(PWP) and Polylactic acid(PLA) were selected, adding poly lactic acid graft maleic anhydride (MPLA) and Silane coupling agent KH-550 (KH550) as a compatibilizer and coupling agent to improve interface compatibility, at the same time, poly Butylenedioate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) and poly Butylene Succinate (PBS) were added to improve the toughness of the composites. The experimental results show that, the impact strength of 20 %-KMPP/PBAT/PBS composite modified by MPLA and KH550 was 20.70 kJ/m−2. Secondly, the hydrophobic angle of the composite material is as high as 112°. It is found that the high content of PWP with small particle size (200 mesh) can make it more evenly dispersed in the composite material, and the cross section of the composite material was smooth. The modified composite was 4.24$/kg, which reduced the cost by 28.07 %. The research results have opened up a new way to develop 3D printed biomass composites with low cost, high compatibility, high toughness and good environmental adaptability, and broadened the application scope and value of the composites.
以不同食盐用量（食盐用量分别为原料肉质量的3%、4%、5%、...
Propargyl bromide (3‐bromopropyne, 3BP) is a potential alternative for methyl bromide. Little information is available about its efficiency in controlling pests. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the 3BP dose required for killing three pests and to compare the efficiency of water management approaches to that of fumigation. The pests, Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht (fungus), Echinochloa crus‐galli (L) Beauv (grass) and Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb (nematode) were exposed to different 3BP concentrations in a sandy loam at 30 °C in a closed system. The lethal dose for killing 90% of the population (LD 90 ) was calculated from the total applied mass, and varied from 0.3 µg g −1 soil for the nematode, 3 µg g −1 for the grass, and 9 µg g −1 for the fungus. The concentration–time index for killing 90% of the population (CT 90 ) was 11 µg g −1 h for the nematode, 112 µg g −1 h for the grass and 345 µg g −1 h for the fungus. 3BP seems as efficient as other fumigant alternatives in controlling these pests. Using an open system, it was shown that the volume of soil in which the pests were controlled varied for different irrigation managements. Even 96 h after fumigation (with a concentration 10 times higher than would potentially be applied in the field), more than 20% of the soil volume had not reached the fungus and grass CT 90 of the non‐irrigated soil. The soil underneath the furrow and the bed reached CT 90 only slowly in all irrigated treatments even though techniques for increasing efficiency were used (tarping, surface sealing with water and high application rate). Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Three factors,CO_2/O_2 permeation ratio of the membrane,dynamic process of CO_2 and O_2 concentration in package and the change of respiration degree of wrapped products,which influence the effect of modified at- mosphere storage,are discussed.Changes of CO_2/O_2 permeation ratio of the membrane and respiration degree of wrapped products make the concentration of both CO_2 and O_2 to unfit the optimum value,concentration of both CO_2 and O_2 do not reach the optimum value before dynamic balance.All these influence the effect of modified at- mosphere storage.
Root rot of Populus davidiana × P. alba var. pyramidalis Louche (Pdpap) is caused by Fusarium oxysporum. We used RNA sequencing to study the molecular mechanisms and response pattern of Pdpap infected by F. oxysporum CFCC86068. We cloned the PdpapWRKY28 transcription factor gene and transformed the recombinant vector pBI121-PdpapWRKY28 into Pdpap. The resistance function of PdpapWRKY28 was verified using physiological and biochemical methods. By means of RNA sequencing, we detected 1,403 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that are common in the different treatments by F. oxysporum. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of the PdpapWRKY28 gene may significantly improve the resistance of Pdpap plants to F. oxysporum. Our research reveals a key role for PdpapWRKY28 in the resistance response of Pdpap to F. oxysporum. Additionally, our results provide a theoretical basis for in-depth research on resistance breeding to combat root rot.
Adhesives can stably hold adherent components together. However, a simple design of a high‐performance printable tough adhesive (PTA) with instant fatigue‐resistant adhesion on various substrates is still a significant challenge. Here, the authors report a rapid design to meet this requirement that enables one‐step adhesion of PTA on wet and dry, porous, and nonporous surfaces low as 5 s. This design gives an interfacial toughness of ≈3000 J m −2 and comparable mechanical and fatigue‐resistant properties. The adhesive precursor can be used as an adhesive paint for bonding materials even underwater and maintains strong adhesion under several thousand cycles of large deformation or in a wide temperature range. Moreover, the PTA precursor is chemically stable and controllable, thus benefiting the printing of heterogeneous, 4D shape‐memory composites and a wearable electroluminescent sensor. It is anticipated that this rapid one‐step design of PTA opens new horizons to tough adhesion of diverse surfaces.
Tumor surgery can create an inflammatory trauma to aggravate residual tumor "seed" to colonize pre-metastatic niches (PMNs) "soil" at secondary sites, thereby promoting post-operative metastasis. However, two-pronged strategies for post-surgical elimination of asynchronous "seeds" and "soil" at different regions are currently lacking. Here, we have designed a hydrogel that can be injected into a resection cavity, where it immediately forms a scaffold and gradually degrades responding to enriched reactive oxygen species at adjacent trauma for local delivery and on-demand release of autologous cancer cells succumbing to oncolysis (ACCO) and anti-inflammatory agent. The autologous cell source self-provides a whole array of tumor-associated antigens, and the oncolysis orchestration of a subcellular cascade confers a self-adjuvanting property, together guaranteeing high immunogenicity of the ACCO vaccine that enables specific antitumor immunization. In parallel, inflammation alleviation exerted bidirectional functions to reshape the local immune landscape and resuscitate ACCO, leading to the eradication of residual tumor "seeds" while simultaneously intercepting the "seed-soil" crosstalk to normalize distant lung leading to regression of pre-existing PMN "soil". As a result, regional and metastatic recurrence were completely thwarted. Together, this framework synchronizing oncolysis immunization and inflammation alleviation provides an effective option for post-operative suppression of metastasis.
