With rapid development of renewable energy, especially wind and solar energy, long distance transmission will be the fundamental way for new energy consumption because of the insufficient consumptive ability of local grid. This paper proposed a wind-solar-thermal hybrid system long distance consumption by ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission lines, which not only make full use of the complementary nature of wind and solar energy in time and region, but also take advantage of good stability of thermal power plant to improve system reliability. A bilevel optimization based on non-cooperative game method was utilized to maximize profit of power plants by changing bidding strategies, where power plants in the transmitting end system are at the upper level and receiving end system are at the lower level. Besides, cost model considering with wheeling cost, carbon emissions cost and government subsidies was presented. Finally, several simulations were implemented and used to verify the feasibility of the non-cooperative game based bilevel optimization method.
This paper presents a detailed study on the dynamics of a three‐species food chain system with memory‐based delay under weak Allee effect and middle predator refuge. The local stability analyses of the non‐diffusive and memory‐based diffusion systems are investigated. Moreover, we give a priori estimates and obtain the existence of the positive constant steady state by applying the comparison theorem. Sufficient conditions for the global stability are established by Barbǎlat lemma and the Lyapunov function. The theoretical results suggest the joint effect of cross‐diffusion and memory‐based delay can lead to Hopf bifurcation, which cannot appear in the system with self‐diffusion or a small cross‐diffusion coefficient. Numerical results verify the validity of the theoretical analysis.
The Helanshan Donglu wine zone (China) is one of the most successful wine region of China, and the phenolic characterisation and antioxidant capacity of the primarily young, monovarietal wines from there were evaluated. The result showed that Helanshan Donglu wines contained abundant phenolic compounds, especially flavan-3-ols, and possessed high antioxidant capacity. In different grape varieties, the phenolic profiles varied greatly in both red and white wines. For red wines, Cabernet Sauvignon represented the highest total phenols (2 631 mg/L GAE), total flavonoids (1 840.83 mg/L CTE) and antioxidant capacity. Gamay and Cabernet Gernischt possessed the highest total flavan-3-ols (1 108.08 mg/L CTE) and total anthocyanins (258.78 mg/L CGE). Amongst the white wines, Chardonnay and Chenin blanc showed the highest phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity. (+)-Catechin and (-)-epicatechin were dominant phenolic constituents in both the red and white wines. Gallic acid and salicylic acid were the second most abundant in red wines, while gentisic acid was the second most abundant in white wines.
Uneven local electric fields and limited nucleation sites at the reaction interface can lead to the formation of hazardous lithium (Li) dendrites, posing a significant safety risk and impeding the practical utilization of Li metal anodes (LMAs). Here, we present a method utilizing atomic layer deposition (ALD) to create lithiophilic titanium nitride (TiN) sites on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) surfaces, integrated with nanocellulose to form a lithiophilic interlayer (NFCP@TN). This interlayer, which is highly flexible and electrolyte-wettable, functions as a current collector and host material for LMAs. The uniform deposition of Li is facilitated by the synergistic interplay of the lithiophilic active sites TiN, the conductive CNT network, and excellent electrolyte wettability of nanocellulose. As a result, Li preferentially adsorbs on TiN sheaths with lower diffusion barriers, leading to controlled nucleation sites and dendrite-free Li deposition. Furthermore, the well-designed NFCP@TN interlayer exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance and significantly extended cycle life when paired LMA with high areal capacity NCM811 (5.0 mAh cm−2) electrodes.
Highly sensitive detection of Fe<sup>3+</sup> was achieved using a fluorescein-based fluorescent porous aromatic framework.
Recently, we have developed a digital whole-body PET scanner based on multi-voltage threshold (MVT) digitizers. To mitigate the impact of resolution degrading factors, an accurate system response is calculated by Monte Carlo simulation, which is computationally expensive. To address the problem, here we improve the method of using symmetries by simulating an axial wedge region. This approach takes full advantage of intrinsic symmetries in the cylindrical PET system without significantly increasing the computation cost in the process of symmetries. A total of 4224 symmetries are exploited. It took 17 days to generate the system maxtrix on 160 cores of Xeon 2.5 GHz. Both simulation and experimental data are used to evaluate the accuracy of system response modeling. The simulation studies show the full-width-half-maximum of a line source being 2.1 mm and 3.8 mm at the center of FOV and 200 mm at the center of FOV. Experimental results show the 2.4 mm rods in the Derenzo phantom image, which can be well distinguished.
