300 publications from this institution
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the crop load on the berry and wine composition of Marselan grapes. Thus, the appropriate crop load for Marselan wine grapes in Ningxia was determined based on the shoot density and the number of clusters per shoot. Marselan grapes from the Gezi Mountain vineyard, located at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in the Qingtongxia region of Ningxia, were selected as the research material to conduct a combination experiment with four levels of shoot density and three levels of cluster density. The analysis of the berry and wine chemical composition was combined with a wine sensory evaluation to determine the optimal crop load levels. Crop load regulation significantly affected both the grape berry composition and the basic physicochemical properties of the resulting wine. Low crop loads improved metrics such as the berry weight and soluble solids content. A low shoot density facilitated the accumulation of organic acids, flavonols, and hydroxybenzoic acids in wine. Moderate crop loads were conducive to anthocyanin synthesis—the total individual anthocyanins content in the 10–20 shoots per meter of the canopy treatment group ranged from 116% to 490% of the control group—whereas excessive crop loads hindered its accumulation. Crop load management significantly influenced the aroma composition of wine by regulating the content of sugars, nitrogen sources, and organic acids in grape berries, thereby promoting the synthesis of esters and the accumulation of key aromatic compounds, such as terpenes. This process optimized pleasant flavors, including fruity and floral aromas. In contrast, wines from the high crop load and control treatments contained lower levels of these aroma compounds. Compounds such as ethyl caprylate and β-damascenone were identified as potential quality markers. Overall, the wine produced from vines with a crop load of 30 clusters (15 shoots per meter of canopy, 2 clusters per shoot) received the highest sensory scores. Appropriate crop load management is therefore critical to improving the chemical composition of Marselan wine.
This paper addresses the trade-off between Accuracy and Transparency for deep learning applied to sports analytics. Neural nets achieve great predictive accuracy through deep learning, and are popular in sports analytics. But it is hard to interpret a neural net model and harder still to extract actionable insights from the knowledge implicit in it. Therefore, we built a simple and transparent model that mimics the output of the original deep learning model and represents the learned knowledge in an explicit interpretable way. Our mimic model is a linear model tree, which combines a collection of linear models with a regression-tree structure. The tree version of a neural network achieves high fidelity, explains itself, and produces insights for expert stakeholders such as athletes and coaches. We propose and compare several scalable model tree learning heuristics to address the computational challenge from datasets with millions of data points.
Recently, we have developed a digital whole-body PET scanner based on multi-voltage threshold (MVT) digitizers. To mitigate the impact of resolution degrading factors, an accurate system response is calculated by Monte Carlo simulation, which is computationally expensive. To address the problem, here we improve the method of using symmetries by simulating an axial wedge region. This approach takes full advantage of intrinsic symmetries in the cylindrical PET system without significantly increasing the computation cost in the process of symmetries. A total of 4224 symmetries are exploited. It took 17 days to generate the system maxtrix on 160 cores of Xeon 2.5 GHz. Both simulation and experimental data are used to evaluate the accuracy of system response modeling. The simulation studies show the full-width-half-maximum of a line source being 2.1 mm and 3.8 mm at the center of FOV and 200 mm at the center of FOV. Experimental results show the 2.4 mm rods in the Derenzo phantom image, which can be well distinguished.
Squid are commercial marine species that have high nutritional value. This study aimed to compare the influences of vacuum frying and atmospheric frying on the physicochemical properties and protein oxidation of three main parts (ring, tentacle, and fin) of the squid Loligo chinensis. The results showed that the vacuum-fried (VF) group had lower moisture and total fat contents and looser microstructures than the atmospheric-fried (AF) group. The amino acid contents and molecular weight revealed that the proteins were well preserved during vacuum frying. Carbonyl content in the VF ring, tentacle, and fin samples increased nearly 2.53-, 1.54-, and 2.56-fold, respectively, compared to that in the corresponding fresh group, but these increases were lower than those of the corresponding AF group. In addition, the secondary structures of proteins revealed a slight decrease in the α-helix and β-turn contents and a significant increase in the β-sheet content during vacuum frying. Therefore, vacuum frying can be used as an efficient processing method to conserve the high nutritive quality of the product. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: As a developing alternative technology to prepare healthier fried products, vacuum frying has been the focus of recent researches. Vacuum frying produced squid products that had lower TBARS values, carbonyl contents, and Schiff base substances compared to atmospheric frying. And the protein secondary structures of the vacuum-fried group retained better. The study proved that vacuum frying could be an effective method with the advantages of high protein stability and product quality.
A novel nano-hydroxyapatite/poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosin-hexyl ester) carbonate composites bone cement was prepared using nano-hydroxyapatite and poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosin-hexyl ester) carbonate. The experimental results indicate that the compressive strength of the nano-hydroxyapatite/poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosinhexyl ester) carbonate composite bone cement which contained bone can reach 18.2 MPa, which can satisfy the repair demand of cancellous bone parts. Nano-hydroxyapatite and poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosinhexyl ester) carbonate are combined by hydrogen bonding. Calcium citrate is formed by reaction of Ca 2+ in nano-hydroxyapatite with the carboxyl group in citric acid. The nano-hydroxyapatite/poly(desaminotyrosyltyrosin-hexyl ester) carbonate composite bone cement was soaked in simulated body fluid to form hydroxyapatite. The results of the cell culture experiment and animal implantation indicated that nano-hydroxyapatite/poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosin-hexyl ester) carbonate composite bone cement had good biocompatibility and osteogenesis capability. This study is useful for the development of nanohydroxyapatite/ poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosin-hexyl ester) carbonate composite materials in the field of bone repair.
The current study aimed to determine the dynamic changes of plasma lutein and its kinetics profiles after a single oral administration of lutein, as well as the effect of omega‐3 fatty acids on lutein absorption in healthy Chinese people. Forty volunteers were randomly assigned to four dosage groups: 10mg lutein (Group L10), 20mg lutein (Group L20), 40mg lutein (Group L40), and 20mg lutein plus 560mg omega‐3 fatty acid (Group LF20). Fasting venous blood samples were collected at pre‐dosing and 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 120, 168, 240, 360 h of post‐dosing in four groups. Plasma lutein concentrations at different time points were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for kinetics analysis. We found that plasma lutein concentrations in Group L40 were significantly higher than Group L10 at 12h, 24h, 48h ( p <0.01) and 72h post‐dosing ( p <0.05). The AUC 0‐360h , AUC 0‐∞ and C max were significantly higher in Group L40 than Group L10 and Group L20 ( p <0.01) and the results showed a dose‐dependent linear trend. The T max of plasma lutein was at 12h. There were no adverse events for a single supplementation with 40mg of lutein. In summary, our results showed that the absorption of lutein was positively correlated with dosage, and a single co‐administration of omega‐3 fatty acids did not affect the absorption of lutein. Support or Funding Information Supported by the National Key Technology Support Program (No. 2012BAD33B01‐2)
