493 publications from this institution
X-Ray structure determination of a dibromo-derivative of MS-3, a glyoxalase I inhibitor produced by a mushroom, was carried out by the heavy atom method. A total of 2713 independent reflections were measured. The crystal belongs to space group P_??_ with the lattice constants, α=13.892 (7) and c=12.686 (7) Å. The observed density indicates that four structure units of C21H22O7Br2•1/2Na•2H2O are contained in a cell. The refinement of the structural parameters was carried out to an R value of 0.077 by the block-diagonal least-squares method. The result confirmed the structure of MS-3 as that had been proposed on the basis of chemical studies.
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It is plausible that under organic rice farming conditions, with Monochoria vaginalis as the dominant weed, the Indica rice ‘Takanari’ (Tak) outperform the Japonica rice ‘Koshihikari’ (Kos) in terms of nitrogen (N) uptake and biomass production. However, how N uptake, biomass, and yield in Tak and Kos are affected by weeds under organic rice farming paddy fields across multiple growing seasons remains unclear. To investigate this, we conducted a two-year field experiment (2022 and 2023) at Yamagata University Farm, Tsuruoka, Japan. Tak and Kos were transplanted individually (four seedlings/hill) or interplanted as Tak + Kos (2 + 2 seedlings/hill), with weeding and no-weeding as the main treatments. Rice and weed biomass and N uptake, as well as rice yield, were measured at harvest, with significant differences observed among all treatments. Weeding practices and growing seasons significantly affected on biomass and N uptake in both Tak and Kos. In 2023, aboveground rice biomass under weeding conditions was significantly lower than that in 2022, whereas no significant difference was observed under no-weeding conditions. Tak consistently showed higher biomass, N uptake, and yield compared with Kos across all treatments, including both seasons, weeding practices, and planting modes. The aboveground biomass ratios between Tak and Kos in interplanting mode were higher than those in individual planting mode under both weeding conditions across both years. These results suggest that Tak exhibited stronger competitive ability in terms of N uptake, biomass, and yield when interplanted with Kos. In conclusion, this two-year organic rice farming field experiment indicates that Tak may sustain higher N uptake and yield compared with Kos under both weeding and no-weeding conditions.
: Design of concrete structures subjected to impact loads is usually based on design impact loads, which are characteristic data obtained empirically. However, concrete structures under impact loads, unlike those under static loads, exhibit highly complicated failure modes that change with time by the influence of stress waves. A 3-D layered nonlinear dynamic finite element method (FEM) was applied to evaluate the ultimate behavior and failure modes of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs subjected to soft impact loads. Immune algorithm is combined with a 3-D layered nonlinear dynamic FEM analysis for the purpose of proposing the design of RC slabs subject to soft impact loads. The results give evidence that it presents complicated failure modes, and that Immune algorithms can be applied to the design of RC slabs effectively INTRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN SUPPORT SYSTEMS CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES
We have developed a new photothermalradiation (PTR) microscope for noncontact and nondestructive evaluation of defects in semiconductors. Thermal radiation from local heating area was detected with a HgCdTe infrared detector which is highly sensitive to the radiation in the wavelength range from 8 to 13 pm. We measured a PTR topograph and a photoluminescence (PL) topograph of a GaAs wafer. We found that the PTR signal increases remarkably at a surface damage on the GaAs wafer where the PL intensity decreases. We also measured PTR topographs of a thermally oxidized Si wafer. It is found that peaks of the PTR topograph correspond to small defects on the oxide films. We found an unexpected result that the PTR signal decreases at a deep scratch in contrast to the increase of the PA signal reported previously. We pointed out that the thermal emissivity of the sample surface is a very important factor for a detailed analysis of the PTR topograph.
A pumping system was installed in the JT-60 machine to exhaust neutral particles from a divertor chamber. The objective of this system is an active particle control in neutral beam heated discharges. The pumps are composed of four Zr-Al getter pumps with a pumping speed of 5.3 m3/s in the diverter chamber. In addition, the particle flow from the divertor chamber to torus main pumps was enhanced by attaching augmentation plates inside the vacuum vessel. Baffle plates were also attached to reduce the conductance between the divertor and the main chambers. The pressure in the divertor chamber measured in ohmically heated divertor discharges increases approximately in proportion to the square of the line averaged electron density ne of the main plasma. A total gas exhaust rate of 2.4 Pam3/s is possible for ne = 1x1020 m-3, which is as large as the fueling rate by the neutral beam injection with a heating power of 20 MW.
A nondestructive observation of oxidationinduced stacking faults (OSF) generated during thermal oxidation processes in silicon has been carried out by using a scanning photoacoustic (PA) microscope. PA signals were detected with ZnO transducer fabricated on back surface of a sample. We found a good correlation between PA topoeraphs and etch-Dit distribution due to OSF a I-. near the sample surface. about 70 um in the present PA microscope. In order to make a quantitative evaluation of surface recombination velocity and temperature rise of a Si sample, the Jackson-Amer model was extended to take account of intraband relaxation and diffusion of excess carriers and nonradiative recombination at surface and in bulk. We found the larger surface recombination velocity and the higher temperature rise in the vicinity of defects (OSF) near the surface of Si. Spatial resolution was
