To support local government officials who are in charge of enforcing earthquake disaster mitigation, this paperproposes application of an integrated earthquake simulator to the seismic response analysis of whole structures located in a city. The simulator is aimed at combining various simulation programs which are used for the purpose of design, and visualizing structure responses for a given earthquake scenario. Integration takes advantage of a computer agent which plays a role of an interpreter between the system and each simulation program. The possibility of such integration is discussedby developing a prototype of the integrated earthquake simulator.
This paper presents numerical analyses of reinforced concrete beams subjected to axial compression. A rigid-bodyspring model is used to represent concrete material as an assemblage of rigid particles interconnected along their boundaries through flexible interfaces. The material is discretized into a large number of random particles using Voronoi diagrams in order to reduce mesh bias on the fracture conditions. Rather than averaging the effect of reinforcing over a regional material volume, reinforcing material is explicitly modeled. Mesh construction is greatly facilitated since the material discretization is semiautomated and each reinforcement can be positioned irrespective of the concrete material. Numerical results agree well with experimental observations in terms of loading capacity, crack patterns, concrete strain, and steel strain. The model predicts an increase of shear carrying capacity in RC beams due to axial compression. The rate of increase of shear carrying capacity is investigated through analyses of RC beams with the different span-depth ratio.
The evaluation of water absorption in concrete is regarded as an important indicator for assessing the causes of its deterioration and durability. Traditionally adopted methods for durability assessment in concrete materials, however, lack in providing real-time monitoring of the absorption process and information about the material deformability at surfaces (volumetric changes) caused by swelling in cement hydrates (i.e., C-S-H). In this study, a one-dimensional water absorption test was performed on small-size mortar specimens of three different strengths, and their top (flattened) surface was continuously monitored for volume changes by utilizing surface strain gauges along with the DICM. After the water absorption test, the same specimens were tested to determine mechanical properties such as compressive strength and Young's modulus. Moreover, the water absorption characteristics, like depth/rate, were evaluated in DICM by tracing changes in waterfront positions with the progression of strains during the water absorption process in mortars. Additionally, the surface strain gauges confirmed the accuracy of strains evaluated by the DICM. The absorption characteristics obtained from observations in the DICM were correlated with the mechanical properties and expansion strain of the test specimens. The results indicated that the durability properties were not only related to the water absorption rate but also to the mechanical properties and volume changes due to saturation.
One of the most important parameters for PV plant performance assessment is the solar irradiance. From here onwards, horizontal irradiance is measured in most PV sites. In fact, it is demanded to measure the in-plane irradiance for PV plant performance assessment. For that purpose, in-plane irradiance has been calculated from horizontal irradiance. However, it is not accurate to measured value because of moves and changes of cloud for one-minute in-plane irradiance. It is important to know in-plane irradiance by one-minute in terms of making use of electric power. In this work, new method of calculating in-plane irradiance by use of one-minute local solar irradiance is approached. Hereby, it is showed that by use of this method, better results than another method for calculating in-plane irradiance from horizontal irradiance were obtained. Furthermore, in-plane irradiance with various angles could be calculated with accuracy for surrounding area by use of local solar irradiance and PV site one-minute horizontal irradiance.
本論文は, 格子等価連続体化法と称する手法により, 鉄筋コンクリート要素の構成式を構築するとともに2次元問題への適用を行ったものである. 格子等価連続体化法とは, 鉄筋コンクリート要素内の力の流れを, 複数本の格子成分を用いるとともに, 各格子成分に等価一軸応力-ひずみ関係を適用することにより, 連続体構成式を導く手法である. 加えて本研究では, 開発する構成式, 解析アルゴリズムの点において, より収斂性が良く, ポストピーク領域においても安定して解が得られる有限要素法解析ツールの構築を目指している. 構築した解析ツールを用いて, 構成式の検証を行うとともに, Snap-back 挙動も含めた脆性的なせん断破壊するRCはり部材のポストピーク挙動を予測し, 実験値と比較することで, 本解析ツールの有用性について検討を行った.
8177 Purpose: Recent preliminary data in Japan indicate the usefulness of gefitinib to advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients. We investigated those Gefitinib effective examples in non-small cell lung cancer patients with poor performance status (3 or 4). Methods: It was aimed at the patient by whom written informed consent about gefitinib use was obtained among those to whom we judged gefitinib use to be suitable. Results: From July 2002 to December 2003, 53 patients treated with gefitinib 250mg/day. Therapy was continued until disease progression in the absence of significant toxicity. There were 38 men and 15 women, ages ranged from 49–89 years. Performance status (PS) was 0/1/2/3/4 in 6/17/12/14/4. 11 men and seven women were PS3 or 4. The main side effects were skin rash, nausea and diarrhea. Drug induced pneumonia was observed in one case. Bone marrow toxicity was not seen. Improvement of DIC was observed in two cases. Regression of brain metastases was observed in one case. Five cases were confirmed that body fluid collection was decreased significantly. Conclusion: Gefitinib can be prescribed for the patient also in a case with poor performance status comparatively safely, and is useful to condition relief. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
硫酸溶液を用いたモルタルの薄片供試体による最大60日間における浸漬実験を行った。その目的は，浸漬後に曲げ試験およびせん断試験を行うことで，硫酸劣化によりセメント水和組織が変質した薄片供試体における力学的性質の挙動を抽出することにある。本研究において，曲げ試験から得られる荷重変位曲線から逆解析により引張特性（弾性係数，引張強度，破壊エネルギー，引張軟化曲線）を同定し，同一試験体を用いてせん断試験を行うことでせん断強度を測定した。加えて，物理的性質として力学試験後の薄片供試体の水和物量（CH，C-S-H），析出物，空隙率，細孔径分布を測定することで，物理的性質と力学的性質の変化を関連付けた。最終的に，硫酸劣化による物理的性質の変化が力学的性質に及ぼす影響は，弾性係数と引張強度および破壊エネルギーとせん断強度とで異なることを明らかにした。さらに，空隙と強度の関係に基づく既往の提案モデルの適用性を評価した。
回転ひび割れモデルを用い, コンクリートの応力-ひずみ関係に引張側, 圧縮側とも破壊エネルギーを導入した有限要素法解析により, せん断破壊となるRC梁の数値解析を行った. その結果, せん断補強を行わないRC梁に対しては, 斜めひび割れの再現性に問題はあるものの, 斜め引張破壊, せん断圧縮破壊といった破壊モードに関わらず, せん断挙動をある程度の精度で捉えることができた. また, 破壊エネルギーの導入により解析結果の要素寸法依存性を軽減することができ, せん断強度の寸法効果を表現できた. せん断補強筋を有するRC梁の解析では, せん断補強筋の効果を過小評価する傾向が示唆された結果となった.
