Outlines are given of various CSE (computational science and engineering) educational programs in the US. Traditional computer science, physical science, and engineering programs have not cross-trained their students beyond the college sophomore level. The education that occurs beyond this level tends to be ad hoc, on the job, and self-taught. CSE programs have risen out of a desire to remedy this situation. Although program specifics vary, the common thread is that they contain substantial computer science and engineering/science content. All the programs encompass more than one department, and most involve computer science. Ideally, students should learn most of the course material from two disciplines; since this is unreasonable, hard choices must be made as to what material to include. The descriptions presented illustrate the programs' diversity as well as their common approach, combining computer science, engineering, science, and applied mathematics in some way. Programs at the following universities are discussed: Clemson University, George Mason University, Mississippi State University, North Carolina University, Purdue University, Rennslaer Polytechnic Institute, Rice University, Stanford University, Syracuse University, University of California at Davis, University of California at San Diego, University of Michigan and University of Utah.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
an asymptotic singular solution of the HRR type is presented for mode I tensile cracks in ductile single crystals. These are assumed to undergo Taylor hardening with a power-law relation between stress and strain at sufficiently large strain. Results are given for a crack on the (010) plane with its tip along the [10 1 ] direction, and for a crack on the (101) plane with its tip along the same [10 1 ] direction in a fee crystal. The yield surfaces for both of these orientations are identical and thus, for the “small strain” formulation, the same macroscopic solution applies to both. The near-tip region is divided into angular sectors which are maps of successive flat segments and vertices of the yield surface. While the solution here involves 14 different sectors referring to stress states corresponding to flat and vertex segments of the yield locus, pRice 's (Mech. Mater. 6,714, 1987) asymptotic solution for the elastic-ideally plastic crystals involved only 7 sectors which mapped into the vertex points of the yield surface. The perfectly plastic limit of the HRR fields here reduce to 7 stress states of pRice (1987). In this limit, the HRR displacement fields remain continuous resulting in a discontinuous yet bounded and nonzero strain field. In contrast, the elastic-ideally plastic solutions have discontinuous shear displacements across sector boundaries. Furthermore the contours of constant effective strain here have various peaks and troughs at sector boundaries and lean backward relative to the direction of crack growth. Conversely, in the recent finite element solutions for elastic-ideally plastic single crystals by Hawk (preliminary summary of results is included in Rice et al., Int. J. Fracture, in press. 1989), the plastic zones lean forward and the strain field is consistent with a Dirac singular form similar to Rice's (1987). Thus it is conjectured that, similar to the anti-plane shear case of pRice and pSaeedvafa (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 36, 189, 1988), the single crystal HRR fields are dominant only over part of the plastic region immediately adjacent to the crack tip, and that their domain of validity vanishes as the perfectly plastic limit is approached.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-Organization of Organic Liquids on Patterned Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alkanethiolates on GoldHans A. Biebuyck and George M. WhitesidesCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 8, 2790–2793Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00020a047https://doi.org/10.1021/la00020a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views930Altmetric-Citations126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
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Abstract Endothelial dysfunction increases risk for type 2 diabetes. We examined whether variation in the gene for E‐selectin ( SELE ), a biomarker of endothelial dysfunction, was associated with levels of E‐selectin or diabetes quantitative traits (including fasting levels of insulin and hemoglobin A 1c ) in 719 nondiabetic participants of the Nurses’ Health Study or with risk of diabetes in 602 incident (over 10 years of follow‐up) cases and 655 control women matched for age, race, and fasting status. Variation in three single nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with cardiovascular disease risk and having effects on E‐selectin function, S128R, G98T, and L554F, was not significantly ( p > 0.05) associated with levels of E‐selectin or diabetes quantitative traits, or with risk of incident diabetes in the primary analysis. Among women with low levels of subclinical inflammation (C‐reactive protein levels below the population median), S128R R allele carriers had a diabetes risk factor‐adjusted relative risk of incident diabetes of 1.71 (95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 2.81) relative to those with the SS genotype. Apart from an association in this subgroup, we conclude that the E‐selectin variants we examined are not important genetic risk factors for type 2 diabetes in women.
This paper describes the application of reduction photolithography, using arrays of microlenses and gray scale masks, to generate arrays of micropatterns having multilevel and curved features in photoresist. This technique can fabricate, in a single exposure, three-dimensional microstructures (e.g., nonspherical microlens arrays) over areas of approximately 2 x 2 cm2. The simple optical configuration consisted of transparency film (having centimeter-sized features) as gray scale photomasks, an overhead projector as the illumination source, and arrays of microlenses as the size-reducing elements. Arrays of 40- and 100-microm lenses achieved a lateral size reduction of approximately 10(3) and generated patterns of well-defined, multilevel structures; these structures may find use in applications such as diffractive optics.
Demixing can occur in systems of two or more particle species that experience different driving forces, e.g., mixtures of self-propelled active particles or of oppositely charged colloids subject to an electric field. Here we show with macroscopic experiments and computer simulations that the forces underlying such non-equilibrium segregation can be used to control the self-assembly of particles that lack attractive interactions. We demonstrate that, depending on the direction, amplitude and frequency of a periodic external force acting on one particle species, the structures formed by a second, undriven species can range from compact clusters to elongated, string-like patterns.
