Publications

Abstract P194: Lipid Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) Trial

Background: Metabolomics technologies can efficiently profile a large number of structurally diverse lipids, e.g., glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and glycerolipids, that may play differential roles in pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, existing studies were focused more on discovering individual lipid metabolites for CVD risk prediction than inferring perturbed pathways responsible for the pathological processes. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that different lipid metabolic pathways, captured by network analysis, were divergently associated with CVD risk; the associations could be modified by the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) intervention. Methods: We conducted this study in the PREDIMED trial with participants randomized to three intervention diets: MedDiet with extra-virgin olive oil, MedDiet with nuts, or a low-fat control diet. This study comprises a subcohort of 788 participants randomly selected from the PREDIMED cohort and 230 cases. The outcome was a composite endpoint of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke and cardiovascular death. We performed network analysis using Gaussian graphic model among 200 targeted lipid metabolites and subsequent dimensionality reduction using Greedy Modularity Optimization to detect subnetworks. We calculated the subnetwork scores by summing up the products of the topological connectivity weight (representing network structure) and metabolite level and included the scores into Cox proportional hazards model with simultaneous adjustment for other subnetwork scores and covariates. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was applied to detect smaller subnetworks of specific interest for further investigation. Results: We detected 4 major subnetworks of lipid metabolic pathway. Most lipid metabolites with larger numbers of carbon atom and double bond clustered within a same subnetwork (subnetwork 2), while those with smaller numbers of carbon atom and double bond clustered within other 3 subnetworks (subnetworks 1, 3 and 4). The hazard ratio (HR) of CVD across quartiles of the subnetwork score 2 was 0.56 (95% CI, 0.35, 0.91, P trend =0.008) after multivariable adjustment. The HRs of CVD comparing extreme quartiles of subnetwork scores 3 and 4 were 1.85 (95% CI, 1.15, 2.97, P trend =0.02) and 1.93 (95% CI, 1.19, 3.14, P trend =0.01), respectively. The MedDiet appeared to enhance the inverse association between subnetwork score 2 and CVD ( P interaction =0.03). We detected several smaller subnetworks with functional interpretation related to CVD pathogenesis such as the ceramide pathway and the pathway including phospholipids with high unsaturation. Conclusions: Based on topological structure of lipid metabolic pathways, we detected biologically meaningful pathways. We found divergent associations between subnetworks and CVD and smaller subnetworks with functional interpretation.

An efficient chemical and enzymic synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn efficient chemical and enzymic synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)David R. Walt, Mark A. Findeis, Victor M. Rios-Mercadillo, Jacques Auge, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 1, 234–239Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00313a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00313a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1389Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Electronic structures and applications of carbon nanotubes

The electronic density of states (DOS) of atomically resolved single-walled carbon nanotubes have been investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy. Peaks in the DOS due to the one-dimensional (1D) nanotube band structure have been characterized and compared with the results of tight-binding calculations. In addition, a novel electromechanical device has been designed and fabricated using nanotubes.

Closure to “Discussion of ‘The Bending of Plates of Dissimilar Materials With Cracks’” (1965, ASME J. Appl. Mech., 32, p. 464)

No abstract is provided for this article.

Reconstruction of the interface of oxidatively functionalized polyethylene and derivatives on heating

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReconstruction of the interface of oxidatively functionalized polyethylene and derivatives on heatingStephen Randall Holmes-Farley, Robert H. Reamey, Ralph Nuzzo, Thomas J. McCarthy, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: Langmuir 1987, 3, 5, 799–815Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00077a040https://doi.org/10.1021/la00077a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views387Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Crack path selection in a brittle adhesive layer

Cracks in a brittle adhesive layer joining two substrates have been observed to propagate in a variety of ways, including straight or wavy paths within the adhesive layer, paths along one of the interfaces, and paths alternating from interface to interface through the layer. The effective toughness of the joint depends on the nature of the path. An asymptotic elasticity problem is analyzed in this paper which allows one to predict whether a straight crack path can occur within a brittle adhesive layer. In the asymptotic problem, an adhesive layer between two semi-infinite blocks contains a semi-infinite straight crack. The joint is loaded remotely by the first three terms of the stress field expansion for a cracked homogeneous solid, parameterzed by stress intensity factors K i and K u and the non-singular stress acting parallel to the crack. T'. These are the apparent, or applied, load factors determined from the analysis of an actual specimen by neglecting the presence of the layer. Also present is a residual stress in the adhesive layer. We calculate the local stress intensity factors, K i and K u and the non-singular stress, T, associated with the field at the tip of the crack in the layer in terms of the corresponding applied quantities and the residual stress. A necessary condition for the existence of a straight path within the layer is the location of a path with K u = 0, Such a path will only be stable (i.e. grow in a straight, non-wavy manner) if T < 0. Our analysis provides the location of the crack in terms of the combination of applied intensity factors and the mismatch in elastic moduli between the layer and the adjoining material. Stability depends on the residual stress and T', as well as on the moduli mismatch. For a compliant adhesive with predominant applied mode 1 loading, the crack will lend to run slahlv within the layer unless T' and the residual stress are positive and relatively large.

Urinary endothelin and endothelin pathway gene expression in overactive bladder

ChemInform Abstract: Thiol‐Disulfide Interchange

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

P29-042-23 Association Between Plant-Based Diets and Risk of Hip Fractures in Women

Dietary glycemic load, whole grains, and systemic inflammation in diabetes: the epidemiological evidence

Diets low in glycemic load and high in whole grains may have a protective effect against systemic inflammation in diabetic patients. Such diets can be recommended to diabetic patients for the prevention of cardiovascular complications.

Design, synthesis, and characterization of novel nanowire structures for photovoltaics and intracellular probes

Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) represent a unique system for exploring phenomena at the nanoscale and are expected to play a critical role in future electronic, optoelectronic, and miniaturized biomedical devices. Modulation of the composition and geometry of nanostructures during growth could encode information or function, and realize novel applications beyond the conventional lithographical limits. This review focuses on the fundamental science aspects of the bottom-up paradigm, which are synthesis and physical property characterization of semiconductor NWs and NW heterostructures, as well as proof-of-concept device concept demonstrations, including solar energy conversion and intracellular probes. A new NW materials synthesis is discussed and, in particular, a new "nanotectonic" approach is introduced that provides iterative control over the NW nucleation and growth for constructing 2D kinked NW superstructures. The use of radial and axial p-type/intrinsic/n-type (p-i-n) silicon NW (Si-NW) building blocks for solar cells and nanoscale power source applications is then discussed. The critical benefits of such structures and recent results are described and critically analyzed, together with some of the diverse challenges and opportunities in the near future. Finally, results are presented on several new directions, which have recently been exploited in interfacing biological systems with NW devices.

Searching for Genetic Variants Matching a Given Multivariate Target Profile

ChemInform Abstract: ACTIVATION PARAMETERS FOR THIOLATE‐DISULFIDE INTERCHANGE REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

Caiman crocodilus RVC-JRH-FCC1

No abstract is provided for this article.

Association of PCSK1 rs6234 with Obesity and Related Traits in a Chinese Han Population

In this study, we found modest evidence for association of the PCSK1 rs6234 with BMI and overweight in men only but not in women, which suggested that PCSK1 rs6234 might not be an important contributor to obesity in Chinese Hans. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to draw a firm conclusion.

Synthesis of sugars by aldolase-catalyzed condensation reactions

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of sugars by aldolase-catalyzed condensation reactionsChi Huey Wong and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 19, 3199–3205Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00167a012Request reuse permissionsArticle Views867Altmetric-Citations115LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (894 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Peierls Framework for Dislocation Nucleation from a Crack Tip

Dislocation nucleation from a stressed crack tip is analyzed based on the Peierls concept, in which a periodic relation between shear stress and atomic shear displacement is assumed to hold along a slip plane emanating from a crack tip. This approach allows some...

Micropatterned Surfaces for Control of Cell Shape, Position, and Function

The control of cell position and function is a fundamental focus in the development of applications ranging from cellular biosensors to tissue engineering. Using microcontact printing of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiolates on gold, we manufactured substrates that contained micrometer-scale islands of extracellular matrix (ECM) separated by nonadhesive regions such that the pattern of islands determined the distribution and position of bovine and human endothelial cells. In addition, the size and geometry of the islands were shown to control cell shape. Traditional approaches to modulate cell shape, either by attaching suspended cells to microbeads of different sizes or by plating cells on substrates coated with different densities of ECM, suggested that cell shape may play an important role in control of apoptosis as well as growth. Data are presented which show how micropatterned substrates were used to definitively test this hypothesis. Progressively restricting bovine and human endothelial cell extension by culturing cells on smaller and smaller micropatterned adhesive islands regulated a transition from growth to apoptosis on a single continuum of cell spreading, thus confirming the central role of cell shape in cell function. The micropatterning technology is therefore essential not only for construction of biosurface devices but also for the investigation of the fundamental biology of cell−ECM interactions.