Organized molecular assemblies

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are part of a class of organized molccular assemblies (OMAs) that represent a major new theme in condensed-matter science. The character- istics of SAMs and a summary of research recommendations are first presented in an executive summary. After introducing the definitions and characteristics of OMAs in which Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films are compared with SAMs, the opportunities for scientific study. technological applications of SAMs. and limitations to transf-erring scientific understandin-e into technology are discussed. The discussion of SAMs includes the scientific opportunities in condensed-matter science. heteroepitaxy. and nanostructurest the technolo-sical applications in fuel cells. photoelectrochemistry. polymer/ metal (oxirle) interfaces, and thin-film. multilayer. solar collectors; and the lirnitations of stability. monolayer-substrate interactions. and mechanical stability for the transf'er of science into technology. Afier providing an overview and discussing potential payoffs from research, the needs and opportu- nities are summarized fbr tribology. fuel cells, photovoltaic cells, electrochromic windows. surface contamination, selectivity, and lbulin-e in membrane separations. biosurfaces. sensors. and corrosion.