Although evidences indicate that C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are independent predictors of type 2 diabetes (DM), some studies either did not support this association or examine it extensively throughout the stages of glucose tolerance.In a cross-sectional population-based survey, we investigated the relation between CRP and the risk of newly diagnosed impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and DM among Japanese-Brazilians (374 men and 464 women).In agegender-adjusted analyses, the risks of IGT and type 2 diabetes were significantly higher in the highest CRP tertile as compared with participants with a normal glucose tolerance status (P for trend = 0.0001 in both conditions).After further adjustments for confounding factors, including waist circumference, only the odds of having IGT in the highest CRP tertile was still significant (odds ratio 1.87 [95% CI 1.04-3.37).Our results suggest that low-grade inflammation increases the risk of IGT in Japanese-Brazilians but that some of the risk is confounded by abdominal adiposity.
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) nanowires have been synthesized in bulk quantities and high purity by laser-assisted catalytic growth. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy investigations show that the GaAs nanowires are produced in >90% yield, are single crystals with 〈111〉 growth axes, and have diameters varying from three to tens of nanometers, and lengths extending to tens of micrometers. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements made on individual GaAs nanowires show large blueshifts in the PL peak position compared to bulk GaAs, and are consistent with strong quantum confinement. The implications of these results are discussed.
An einer Graphitelektrode, die mit Co‐phthalocyanin (Pc) beschichtet ist, läßt sich in saurer Lösung CO 2 ‐Gas bei Stromdichten von 0.98 mA/cmz zu CO als Hauptprodukt neben Spuren von Oxalat und Formiat reduzieren, wobei Umsatzzahlen von über 100/ s und Umsätze von 3.7‐ 105 erreicht werden.
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkylsiloxanes on elastomeric PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) were used as model systems to study interactions between surfaces. Surface free energies (gammasv) of these chemically modified surfaces were estimated by measuring the deformations that resulted from the contact between small semispherical lenses and flat sheets of the elastomer under controlled loads. The measured surface free energies correlated with the surface chemical compositions of the SAMs and were commensurate with the values estimated from the measurements of contact angles. This study provides direct experimental evidence for the validity of estimates of the surface free energies of low-energy solids obtained from contact angles.
Studies have shown that perinatal factors are associated with childhood asthma. The current analyses examined the association between obstetric complications and risk of asthma at the age of 7 years using a prospectively population-based birth cohort in northern Finland. Results indicated that obstetric complications were associated with a higher risk of asthma among children. Those children who were administered special procedures at birth, i.e., cesarean section, vacuum extraction, and other procedures, including use of forceps, manual auxiliary, and extraction breech, had an adjusted odds ratio (OR) for asthma of 1.38 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.92), 1.32 (95% CI 0.80–2.19), and 2.14 (95% CI 1.06–4.33), respectively, as compared to children who were delivered normally. Children who had a lower Apgar score at the first and the fifth minute after birth also had a higher risk as compared to those who had an Apgar score of 9–10. The results encourage further evaluation of the association between obstetric complications and risk of asthma among children in other populations, and further exploration of possible mechanisms underlying the association.
Mesostructured silica waveguide arrays were fabricated with a combination of acidic sol-gel block copolymer templating chemistry and soft lithography. Waveguiding was enabled by the use of a low-refractive index (1.15) mesoporous silica thin film support. When the mesostructure was doped with the laser dye rhodamine 6G, amplified spontaneous emission was observed with a low pumping threshold of 10 kilowatts per square centimeter, attributed to the mesostructure's ability to prevent aggregation of the dye molecules even at relatively high loadings within the organized high-surface area mesochannels of the waveguides. These highly processible, self-assembling mesostructured host media and claddings may have potential for the fabrication of integrated optical circuits.
Frequent nut consumption is inversely associated with risk of pancreatic cancer in this large prospective cohort of women, independent of other potential risk factors for pancreatic cancer.
No abstract is provided for this article.
Background Sudden cardiac death ( SCD ) accounts for ≈300 000 deaths annually in the United States. Men have a higher risk of SCD and are more likely to have underlying coronary artery disease, while women are more likely to have arrhythmic events in the setting of inherited or acquired QT prolongation. Moreover, there is evidence of sex differences in the genetics of QT interval duration. Using sex‐ and coronary artery disease–stratified analyses, we assess differences in genetic association between longer QT interval and SCD risk. Methods and Results We examined 2282 SCD subjects and 3561 Finnish controls. The SCD subjects were stratified by underlying disease (ischemic versus nonischemic) and by sex. We used logistic regression to test for association between the top QT interval–associated single‐nucleotide polymorphism, rs12143842 (in the NOS 1 AP locus), and SCD risk. We also performed Mendelian randomization to test for causal association of QT interval in the various subgroups. No statistically significant differences were observed between the sexes for associations with rs12143842, despite the odds ratio being higher in females across all subgroup analyses. Consistent with our hypothesis, female non‐ischemics had the highest odds ratio point estimate for association between rs12143842 and SCD risk and male ischemics the lowest odds ratio point estimate ( P =0.036 for difference). Similar trends were observed for the Mendelian randomization analysis. Conclusions While individual subgroup comparisons did not achieve traditional criteria for statistical significance, this study is consistent with the hypothesis that the causal association of longer QT interval on SCD risk is stronger in women and nonischemic individuals.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Configurational Stability of Primary Grignard ReagentsGeorge M. Whitesides, Fred. Kaplan, and John D. RobertsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 14, 2167–2168Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00897a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00897a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
