Türkçede kelimeleri pekiştirmenin bir yolu da ek-edat/enklitik kullanılmaktır. Türkçenin ilk yazılı metinlerinden beri örneklenebilen, ek veya edat oldukları hakkında ortak kanıya varılamayan ve bir başka kelimeyle var olabilen bu ifadeler, Anadolu ağızlarında yaygın kullanım alanı bulmuştur. Çoğu kullanımlarında eklerle karıştırılabilen bu yapıların eklere kıyasla geldiği kelimenin anlamına ek üstü bir işlevle anlam farkı oluşturduğu görülür. Genel kanı ek-edatların tüm kelimelere geldiği yönünde olsa da artık çoğu arkaik özellik taşıyan bu ifadelerin ağızlarda zamirler, bağlaçlar vb. kapalı kelimelere tutunarak varlığını sürdürdüğü görülmektedir. Erzincan ve yöresinde bilhassa zamirlere tutunarak onlara pekiştirmeli bir hitap işlevi veren +I ek-edatı, söz ile anlam arasında yeni bir boyut oluşturmakta; bilhassa alkış ve kargış ifadelerinde tüm cümleye etki edecek vurgulu bir anlatımı cümlenin anlamına yerleştirmektedir. Eldeki çalışmada Erzincan ve yöresinde rastlanılan +I ek-edatının örnekleri ve anlama olan katkısı üzerinde durulacaktır.
One of the most important earthquake indicators that buildings should have is ductile behavior. Due to the limited tensile strength of concrete, alternative materials such as structural Nano-synthetic fibers as three-dimensional reinforcement bars have already gained increasing popularity for several decades. However, the contribution of nano-synthetic fibers to the adherence length of reinforcement bars has not been investigated so far. Therefore, in this study, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of nano-synthetic fibers on the development length of reinforcement bars. The number of experimental reinforced concrete slab specimens to be fabricated in terms of axial flexural tests was designed 33, depending on different development lengths and three different volume fractions of nano synthetic fibers as 0.0, 1.0 and 1.5%. Within the scope of the research, load displacement curves, energy absorption capacities, ductility ratios and bond-reinforcement slip relationships were obtained for different embedding lengths of reinforcement bars in 33 concrete slabs with three different amounts of nano-synthetic fibers used. As a result of the research, it has been revealed that the dominant effects of nano-synthetic fibers on structural behavior are their energy absorption capacity in plastic deformation. As a result of the research, it has also been discovered that with the help of the added nano-synthetic fibers, the ductile behavior is also regained for or reinforcement bars with reduced embedded length of more deformation capacity that can be accommodated by the reinforcement bars.
The aim of our study is to increase the CLA and the unsaturated fatty acid content in the total fatty acids in the milk of Akkaraman by adding soybean oil to the ration and to produce a more functional food. In the study, 75 Akkaraman (live weight=63.5±1.02 kg) were used in the early stage of lactation (41±0.5 days at the beginning of the experiment) in a private sheep farm. In this study, three groups were formed balanced and equal according to lactation day, live weight and lactation number. The first group consisted of the control group (C) and the other groups were given 34g/day (SO1) and 63g/day (SO2) soybean oil respectively addition to ration. It took four weeks for the first two weeks of the study to adaptation. The CLA ratio was 146% higher in SO1 group than in the control group and 108% higher in the SO2 group than in the control group (p<0.001). PUFA ratio had the highest value in SO2 group (p <0.001). As the amount of SO in the ration increased, n-6 ratio increased and n-3 ratio decreased. The contribution of SO and time had no significant effect on AI, TI and h/H. As a result, it was concluded that adding soybean oil to the ration (34g of soybean oil/per ewe a day) increased the CLA ratio in total milk fatty acids. Also adding 34g of soybean oil to the ration was sufficient to increase the CLA rate and decrease the SFA: UFA ratio.
Seismic metamaterial-inspired periodic foundations have emerged as promising vibration-mitigation concepts capable of attenuating seismic wave propagation within specific frequency bands. This study presents an experimental investigation on the dynamic response of periodic foundation configurations, with and without embedded piezoelectric layers, to evaluate their vibration-attenuation characteristics. The experimental program employed a shake table driven by a 0.75 kW servo motor and included excitation step counts of 3000, 4000, and 5000. Accelerometers mounted on the specimen surfaces recorded vibration data at 80 ms intervals. Three foundation configurations were tested: (i) a conventional reinforced concrete block, (ii) a one-dimensional periodic foundation composed of alternating concrete and rubber layers, and (iii) a periodic foundation incorporating piezoelectric modules. Time-domain and frequency-domain analyses showed that the periodic foundations achieved notable reductions in both peak and RMS accelerations, especially near resonance frequencies. The configuration, including piezoelectric layers, exhibited similar attenuation performance while also generating measurable instantaneous voltage outputs under vibration. However, these voltage peaks—reaching a maximum of 1.64 V—represent only a laboratory-scale, proof-of-concept demonstration of electromechanical coupling rather than a practical or continuous form of energy harvesting, given the inherently sporadic nature of seismic excitation. Overall, the results confirm that the tested system is not a full metamaterial in the classical sense but rather a metamaterial-inspired periodic arrangement capable of inducing band-gap-based vibration attenuation. The inclusion of piezoelectric elements provides auxiliary sensing and micro-energy-generation capabilities, offering a preliminary foundation for future multifunctional seismic-protection concepts.
This study was carried out to present a different approach to green concrete production by utilizing electronic waste (e-waste) and waste rubber powders in order to provide a solution to both the cost and carbon footprint problems arising from the rapid consumption of aggregate resources and cement. For this purpose, 0%, 5% and 10% of e-waste was utilized instead of aggregate and 0%, 2.5% and 5% of waste rubber powder was utilized instead of cement. In addition, mixtures in which both wastes were combined in concrete were also prepared and comparisons were conducted. Capillary water absorption, acid and sulfate attack tests were carried out on the concretes with different wastes at the end of 28 and 90 days. The capillary water absorption of concrete produced with 5% waste rubber powder at the end of 28 days (P5E0/28) was 80% less than the control concrete (C/28) (these values were 0.46, 2.36 respectively). It was determined that the utilization of waste rubber powder had a decreasing effect on the compressive strength losses of the concretes after acid attack compared to the control concrete, while e-waste had an increasing effect. It was determined that the compressive strength losses of the concretes in which waste rubber powder and e-waste were combined against sulfate attack were positively differentiated from both control concrete and concretes produced with single waste type. In parallel with the weight and compressive strength losses obtained after acid and sulfate attack, the results of the visual analyses of the concretes were similar. The use of 5% waste rubber powder in the concrete produced the greatest results. In addition, the ideal ratio between concretes in which e-waste and waste rubber powder used together was determined as 5% waste rubber powder and 5% e-waste. The results verified that e-waste and waste rubber powder can be considered for the production of green concrete.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important disease that occurs because of damage to the retinal blood vessels in the human eye due to diabetes and causes blindness. If diagnosed correctly, the treatments to be applied increase the possibility of preventing vision loss or blindness. This study aims to present an evaluation of deep learning methods to detect diabetic retinopathy from retinal images. In this direction, the VGG16 model was considered, and two different versions of this model were obtained by making improvements. Besides, a model has been proposed, the first layers are dense, the next layers have decreasing convolution, and have fewer layers. According to the results, the VGG16 model, which reached 75.48% accuracy, reached 76.57% accuracy due to the dropout layer added to the classification layers, and 77.11% accuracy due to the dropout layer added to all blocks. The highest accuracy was obtained in the proposed model with 81.74%.
Today, tick-borne diseases have become widespread and pose a significant threat to public health. There are various types of diseases transmitted from ticks to humans. The main of these diseases; Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Lyme disease, Mediterranean spotted fever and Tularemia can be listed. As with other types of diseases, early diagnosis is important in tick-borne diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to identify ticks quickly and accurately in order to reduce the possible risks of disease in cases of errors bitten by ticks. In this study, Yolo-v3-based deep learning algorithm, which is a subfield of machine learning, was used primarily to detect ticks. For the training and testing of this algorithm, a new data set was created by downloading 1500 different tick images from the internet. Algorithm was trained and tested using this data set. In order to determine that the success accuracy of the Yolo-v3-based deep learning algorithm is superior and to demonstrate its availability in real life, various performance tests were performed and an estimate was made as to whether there were ticks in an image. As a result of the study, in order to reduce the disease risk of patients bitten by ticks and to intervene in a timely manner, tick detection was made effectively by taking only one tick picture.
The photocatalysis process, which is effective, economical, and environmentally friendly can overcome rapidly increasing environmental problems, has shown rapid development in recent years. Nontoxic, low-cost natural minerals are often used in photocatalysis processes that remove organic pollution from wastewater. In this study, a selective method for the removal of crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solutions using nanocomposite of nickel oxide/zinc oxide nanoparticles (NiO/ZnO) supported on kaolinite photocatalyst was investigated. The raw kaolinite, bare NiO, bare ZnO and nanocomposite samples were characterized by the XRD, TEM, SEM-EDX, XPS and FTIR techniques. The photocatalytic performances of kaolinite-NiOZnO (K-NiO/ZnO) nanocomposite and bare samples were also investigated and comparatively evaluated by the photodegradation of CV (cationic dye) dye under visible light irradiation. The effects of various parameters such as the dosage of photocatalysis, contact time, and initial dye concentration on the rate of removal of dye were investigated and optimized. The kinetics of decolorization by samples can be well described by the pseudo-first-order model. Finally, it can be used in advanced oxidative processes for the degradation of organic pollutants.
Abstract Advanced oxidation of an azo dye, Basic Blue 9 (BB9) by Fenton oxidation was investigated in batch experiments. The UV-vis spectral changes of in aqueous solution during Fenton process were studied. It was easier to destruct the azo linkage group than to destruct the aromatic rings of (BB9) by Fenton process. The effects of different reaction parameters such as initial ferrous concentration, initial hydrogen peroxide (H
Turkey is a country that is vulnerable to earthquakes and has experienced many major earthquakes that completely destroyed or caused significant damage to numerous historic structures. Today, using computer software, it is important to numerically model and analyze historic structures that need significant restoration and strengthening, to evaluate them from a perspective of seismic resistance, and to reinforce them without altering their originality. In this study, a finite element model of the historic Tigris Bridge on the Tigris River was created. First, the stresses and deformation caused by its own weight were determined. Subsequently, dynamic analyses were performed in the time domain using past earthquake ground motion records. Displacement and stress values obtained for each earthquake record in these time domain analysis were compared to each other to evaluate the seismic behavior of the bridge comparatively. The seismic performance of the bridge was determined on the basis of the “Guidelines on the Management of Earthquake Risks for Historic Structures” published by the Directorate General of Religious Foun-dations in Turkey.
