In this study, effect of pH by Fenton-like with zero-valent iron (ZVI) process, advanced oxidation process in the leachate treatment, was investigated. The effect of pH value on colour and COD removal from leachate was determined at five initial pH values, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 (ZVI = 0.05 g/L, H2O2 = 150 mg/L). The highest colour and COD yield were obtained at pH 2.0. The colour removal was 87.9% (in 620 nm wavelength) and the COD removal was 74%. Experimental data from COD degradation with the Fenton-like process were analysed by using the zero-, first-, second-order and BMG kinetic models.
Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Nihal Kocakaplan, Neşe Ertugay, Emine Malkoç; The removal of COD and color by Fenton oxidation from leachate of Erzurum municipal solid waste landfill. AIP Conf. Proc. 18 April 2016; 1726 (1): 020093. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4945919 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
In many developing countries, including Turkey, the implementation of waste to energy technology is known as one of the most effective approaches to reach sustainable energy development targets. Although, Turkey with a large number of farm animals has a significant potential, but this potential unrealized for biogas production so far. This study aims to highlight the potential implementation of waste to energy technology via the production of biogas from animal waste as an alternative energy generation in Turkey. Anaerobic digestion of renewable feed stocks such as animal waste has been known as a promising technology for the production of clean energy in the form of biogas. In this study, the energy potential of Erzincan province animal waste was calculated. Findings show that approximately 15.5 million m3year-1 biogas potential can be produced from animal waste in Erzincan. Accordingly, considering the distances, waste capacities and economic efficiency of Erzincan and its districts, 3 different biogas power plant scenarios with 0.5 MW, 1.2 MW and 2.4 MW installed power have been prepared. Appropriate facility capacities, investment costs of these facilities and payback times of the investment required for each facility were calculated. Based on the investigation, numerous opportunities could be explored in terms of turning animal waste to energy by biogas production in Erzincan. It is also possible to establish more biogas plants in the region, in smaller sizes, than the number recommended.
Günümüzde betonarme yapılar oldukça yaygın kullanıma sahiptir. Bu yaygın kullanım bu alana olan ihtiyacı gün geçtikçe artırmaktadır. Betonarmenin günümüzde farklı alanlarda kullanılma ihtiyacının artması, beton teknolojisi alanında da bazı gelişmelere neden olmuştur. Betona olan bu ihtiyaç zamanla başka alternatiflerin ortaya çıkmasını kaçınılmaz hale getirmektedir. Betona olan bu ihtiyaç, hammaddesi olan agrega için bizleri alternatif düşünmeye teşvik etmiştir. Ülkemizin rezervleri açısından zengin olarak bulunan perlit, geleneksel betonda kullanılan agregaya göre daha hafif, sürdürülebilir, ekonomik bir malzeme olması sebebiyle araştırmaya konu olmuştur. Perlit rezervlerimizin çok bulunmasına karşın bu rezervlerin sadece belirli bir kısmını kullanmamız ve perlitin sadece inşaat sektörü için yalıtım malzemesi olarak kullanılması büyük bir eksiklik olarak görülmektedir. Bu bağlamdan yola çıkarak doğal ham perlit agregasını kullanarak yapısal eleman üretilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında C20 ve C40 basınç dayanımlarına sahip geleneksel ve perlitli olmak üzere her basınç dayanımından 2’şer adet betonarme kolonu üretilmiştir. Üretilen betonarme kolonlar sabit eksenel yük ve tersinir tekrarlanır yanal yükleme altında deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Farklı beton basınç dayanımlarında hem perlitli hem de geleneksel betonarme kolonlarının yapısal davranışı incelenmiştir. Yük-deplasman, süneklik, rijitlik ve enerji yutma kapasiteleri bakımından bu iki malzeme için davranış farklılıkları ortaya konularak, perlitin agrega olarak kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Deneysel bulgular neticesinde perlitin betonarme kolonlarda agrega olarak kullanılmasıyla taşıma gücü kapasitesi bakımından olumlu sonuçlar elde edilmesine rağmen, perlitli kolonların süneklik, rijitlik ve enerji yutma kapasiteleri bakımından geleneksel betonarme kolonlara göre yetersiz olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Finansal analiz, işletmelerin mali durumunu değerlendirmek ve gelecekteki performanslarını tahmin etmek amacıyla finansal verileri inceleyen bir yöntemdir. İşletmelerin finansal durumlarının ve performanslarının bir sunumu olan finansal tablolar işletmeler tarafından hazırlanarak işletme sahipleri ve yöneticiler, yatırımcılar, müşteriler, satıcılar, kredi verenler ve sermaye piyasası kurumları gibi birçok çıkar grubunun bilgisine sunulmaktadır. Finansal tablolar, hem şirket içindeki kişiler (örneğin yöneticiler, denetim kurulları vb.) hem de şirket dışındaki kişiler (örneğin hisse senedi yatırımcıları, bankacılar, tedarikçiler, piyasa düzenleyicileri, hükümet organları) tarafından iş ve yatırım kararı vermede kullanılan temel bilgi kaynaklarından birini oluşturur. Tabloların analizi yapıldığında, işletmelerin güçlü ve zayıf yönleri, göstermiş olduğu performans, işletmenin gelecekteki durumu, yatırımların işe yarayıp yaramadığı, rakipler karşısındaki durumu gibi pek çok soruya cevap bulunacaktır. İşletmenin finansal durumunun değerlendirilmesinde finansal tabloların analizinde kullanılan Karşılaştırmalı Tablolar Analizi, Yüzde Yöntemi ile Analiz ve Oran Analizi yöntemlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle finansal analiz yöntemleri hakkında teorik bilgiler verilmiştir. Daha sonra BİST’de hisseleri işlem gören kimya ilaç petrol lastik ve plastik ürünler işletmesinin 2019-2021 yılı bilanço ve gelir tablosu verileri kullanılarak finansal analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir.
The field of computer vision, which is widely studied area, is basically the imitation of the human vision system with digital devices. Computer systems perform operations through digital images or video images and decide according to the result. In this context, object recognition must be performed at the first stage in order to extract meaningful information from the image. In this study, the application of object recognition was developed using the deep learning method, which is especially popular in recent years. It has also been compared with classical machine learning methods often used in recognition applications. The proposed method developed with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been compared by using the Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) features and classifying them with Support Vector Machines (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) methods. Experimental results show that the proposed CNN method is more successful than HOG+SVM, and HOG+KNN methods.
This study aimed to determine the material properties and the thickness of the layers of an unbonded jointed plain concrete pavement design over a deteriorated flexible pavement that lost its service capability. Maximum principal stresses occurring under the concrete pavement should not exceed the modulus of rupture of the concrete. Three-dimensional finite element analyses using ANSYS (Release 18.1 SAS IP, Inc.) software were carried out with the Taguchi method. The most reliable solution for the pavement design was investigated with whole configuration axle loading that reflects the realistic traffic situation. The stress values under the concrete slab due to the positive temperature gradient neglected in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) method were also investigated. The concrete slabs are exposed to these stresses for longer than the axle loads. Temperature distributions throughout the thickness of the concrete slab were calculated with the bilinear formulas suggested in the study. Axle loadings were applied on both the pavement edge and corner to reflect the most critical loading condition in the pavement design. The critical axle type was found to be 1.2. It was observed that a 0.15 m concrete thickness was appropriate for the concrete class, joint spacing and hot mix asphalt (HMA) elasticity modulus levels used for the 1.22, 1.122, and 1.2 + 111 axle types, but it was not appropriate for the 1.2 axle types. The slab thicknesses calculated with the AASHTO method, and the finite element method were found to be close to each other. It was determined that the concrete thickness significantly affected the maximum principal stress, with a performance statistic (S/N) value of 1692 for the 1.2 axle type. This was followed by the modulus of elasticity of the concrete with an S/N value of 0.356, the modulus of elasticity of the existing flexible pavement with an S/N value of 0.244, and the concrete joint spacing with an S/N value of 0.105. A practical design guide was recommended to extend the service life of a highly deteriorated flexible pavement with the construction of unbonded jointed plain concrete.
Abstract Advanced oxidation of an azo dye, Basic Blue 9 (BB9) by Fenton oxidation was investigated in batch experiments. The UV-vis spectral changes of in aqueous solution during Fenton process were studied. It was easier to destruct the azo linkage group than to destruct the aromatic rings of (BB9) by Fenton process. The effects of different reaction parameters such as initial ferrous concentration, initial hydrogen peroxide (H
With the innovations in technology, the interest in the use of mobile devices is increasing day by day. Any defect that may occur during the production of smart mobile phones, which is among mobile devices, causes significant damage to both the manufacturer and the user. The careful detection of defects that may occur on the screen glass, which is one of the most striking defects among these defects, with the human eye significantly affects the workforce cost. Therefore, it is important to detect defects with the help of software. In recent years, many methods based on machine vision have been developed for the detection of any object or difference in the image.
 In this study, a new model structure called Yolo-MSD, based on machine vision and the Yolo-v3 deep learning model, which detects and classifies oil, scratch, and stain defect types on the glass on the touch screen surface used in the design of smart mobile phones, is proposed. The proposed model structure (Yolo-MSD) is obtained by reducing the number of blocks in the Darknet-53 network structure developed in Yolo-v3. As a result of the training, a success rate of 98.50% with the Yolo-v3 model and 98.72% with the Yolo-MSD model was achieved in detecting and classifying defect types. Therefore, it has been observed that the Yolo-MSD model structure is better than the Yolo-v3 model structure by making better feature extraction from the types of defects on the screen glass since it is both faster and has less complexity.
Turkey is a country that is vulnerable to earthquakes and has experienced many major earthquakes that completely destroyed or caused significant damage to numerous historic structures. Today, using computer software, it is important to numerically model and analyze historic structures that need significant restoration and strengthening, to evaluate them from a perspective of seismic resistance, and to reinforce them without altering their originality. In this study, a finite element model of the historic Tigris Bridge on the Tigris River was created. First, the stresses and deformation caused by its own weight were determined. Subsequently, dynamic analyses were performed in the time domain using past earthquake ground motion records. Displacement and stress values obtained for each earthquake record in these time domain analysis were compared to each other to evaluate the seismic behavior of the bridge comparatively. The seismic performance of the bridge was determined on the basis of the “Guidelines on the Management of Earthquake Risks for Historic Structures” published by the Directorate General of Religious Foun-dations in Turkey.
Implementing neuron circuit using memristor can be more effective thanks to some properties of memristor such as nonlinearity. For this reason, many memristor-based neuron circuits have been found in the literature. This study presents a memristor-based floating neuron circuit that exhibits different types of spikes. In the proposed circuit, two classical memristors and one special memristor are utilized. The special memristor is designed to exhibit various pinched hysteresis loops and plays an important role in producing different spike types. The proposed special memristor can also be controlled using only one voltage source. Using memristors, we implemented a neuron circuit which can produce regular spike, bursting spike and fast spike. Also, neuron circuit has a floating structure, and so there is no restriction on using it with other circuit elements. All simulations are implemented in the SPICE simulation program with TSMC 0.18-[Formula: see text]m CMOS process parameters.
A domestic solar water heating system using a flat plate collector is modeled for the domestic hot water requirement of a residential unit in Ankara, Turkey. The necessary design parameters were determined and the analysis was carried out using the TRNSYS simulation program. In the modeled system, the domestic water temperature was determined as 55 °C and water withdrawals were carried out at different flow rates during the day according to the usage intensity. The water withdrawal rates were determined as 80 kg/h between 07.00-09.00, 100 kg/h between 12.00-13.00 and 50 kg/h between 17.00-22.00. According to the results obtained, the designed system was able to meet the hot water need in summer and winter months by using solar energy through auxiliary heaters. While the collector efficiency reached its highest value with 40% in September, it reached the lowest efficiency value with 8% in December.
