Abstract Reliable predictions of dryland carbon fluxes require understanding the persistence and turnover of soil organic carbon (SOC). We measure radiocarbon to quantify the age of SOC and CO 2 released from soil respiration at 97 dryland sites across six continents. Here we show that bulk SOC contains little C fixed in the past 60 years, while respired CO 2 originates from both bomb-derived recent C and millennia-old C, challenging the idea that old C is chemically or physically protected. Radiocarbon suggests mean ages of ~2100 years for bulk SOC and ~520 years for respired CO 2 , the latter far older than machine-learning (<50 years) or Earth system models predict. Aridity, net primary productivity, and SOC content are dominant predictors for radiocarbon signatures, with abrupt shifts to older C beyond an aridity threshold of ~0.87. Our findings underscore the need to incorporate the vulnerability of older carbon into models and land management strategies.

The effects of cultivation in hillside (> 30% slope) on soil C and N stocks after forest clearance and subsequent cultivation in new re-growth forest sites not always induce rapid soil organic matter (SOM) loss in subtropical areas. In the present study we evaluated the sensitivity to SOM changes of material floatable in water (Fw), coarse sand (> 250 µm), fine sand (50-250 µm), silt (2-50 µm) and clay (0-2 µm) fractions by the impact of cultivation of Mexican Ferrasols. This research also determined the relative degree of C and N saturation in the silt and clay size particles. The soil physical fractions were obtained after ultrasonic vibration and sedimentation. Soil organic matter stock (0-20 cm depth) in cultivated sites ranged from 54 to 146 Mg C ha-1 and from 3.9 to 7.1 Mg N ha-1 and in the forest soil 46-94 Mg C ha-1 and 3.7-5.1 Mg N ha-1. The relative distribution of C and N was lower in the coarse sand and highest in the silt fraction; the latter paralleled the changes of whole soil C and N. Coarse sand was the most sensitive fraction responding to cultivation, thus representing a diagnostic pool to assess the SOM shifts under cultivation. Half of our studied soil showed a low degree of C and N saturation in the silt and clay fraction indicating potential for accumulation of C and N, while the other half were well above the saturation limit.

Les ouvrages de protection contre la houle ou contre les submersions couvrent 17 % des côtes françaises, soit 1 210 km [1]. Compte tenu du changement climatique, notamment l’élévation du niveau de la mer, et de la présence démographique importante, les enjeux sur le littoral sont considérables. Dans ce contexte, le projet de recherche collaborative DIGUE 2020 a été conçu afin de permettre une meilleure maîtrise du risque de submersion marine. Le projet DIGUE 2020 vise à construire une plateforme de recherche sur les digues maritimes en y associant, en parallèle, les travaux de trois thèses et d’un post-doc traitant des thématiques suivantes : - réaliser une plateforme de recherche en utilisant un concept innovant de réalisation de digue en sol-chaux en milieu marin, - quantifier les effets de l’action de la mer sur les digues de protection, - quantifier la durabilité du matériau des digues en sol-chaux en milieu marin, - évaluer la perception du risque de submersion marine. Les connaissances développées et partagées au moyen des travaux de recherche et de la plateforme envisagée ont pour objectif, à moyen terme, le développement de projets de confortement ou d’élaboration de nouvelles digues d’une conception durable. Sur le long terme, le projet DIGUE 2020 a pour vocation d’être reproduit sur d’autres sites maritimes régionaux, français, mais aussi européens et internationaux compte tenu des résultats attendus qui ont une portée au-delà de la Région Sud Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has become a leading cause of oropharyngeal cancers, alongside well-known risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol use. Currently, HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-OPSCC) has increased significantly in developed countries, with HPV-16 being the most common high-risk subtype. Clinically, HPV-OPSCC shows clear differences in prognosis compared to HPV-negative tumors, especially regarding survival rates and treatment responses. Patients with HPV-OPSCC tend to have notably better survival outcomes and a more favorable outlook. Strong evidence indicates that HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers form a distinct epidemiological, clinical, and molecular group, setting them apart from non-HPV-related cancers. As a result, treatment strategies for these subtypes should follow specific clinical protocols to achieve the best outcomes. Additionally, the viral oncoproteins E6 and E7, which systematically disrupt host tumor-suppressor networks, provide compelling reasons for targeted phytotherapeutic interventions. Therefore, there is growing interest in exploring plant bioactive compounds with promising anti-HPV and anticancer effects that target key oncogenic pathways. This review aims to compile the latest data on bioactive phytochemicals—such as polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, glucosinolate derivatives, terpenoids, and alkaloids—with mechanistic evidence in HPV-OPSCC and to highlight their molecular interactions across oncogenic signaling pathways, focusing on research published from 2015 to 2025.

The long-term durability of reinforced concrete infrastructure remains a critical challenge, as conventional Portland cement and carbon steel systems are inherently vulnerable to corrosion and environmental degradation.Roman concrete demonstrates exceptional longevity due to slow hydration kinetics, pozzolanic reactions, and self-healing mechanisms, but its integration into modern construction is limited by incompatibility with rapid construction workflows.At the same time, additive manufacturing has enabled advanced geometric control, while rarely addressing durability as a primary design objective.This study proposes a durability-driven construction system integrating Roman-type concrete, stainless steel reinforcement, and permanent additively manufactured thermoplastic formworks.Rather than acting as a temporary construction aid, the formwork is redefined as a permanent protective enclosure that sustains early-age loads, accommodates slow curing, and provides long-term environmental shielding.Stainless steel reinforcement is employed to mitigate corrosion, the dominant degradation mechanism.The system is evaluated using a multi-level methodology that combines material compatibility analysis, finite-element modelling of early-age conditions, and architectural-scale demonstration.The critical pre-and postcasting phases are analysed by modelling the fresh concrete as a fluid-like load acting on the permanent formwork, which represents the load-bearing component prior to setting.A segmented dome inspired by the Pantheon is used to demonstrate scalability and system integration.While direct validation over century-scale timeframes is impractical, the results show that the proposed system satisfies necessary conditions for extended service life, providing a scientifically grounded framework for durability-oriented construction using additive manufacturing.

Under thermo-mechanical stress via a bulge test (BT), composite circular diaphragms (CCD) exhibit temperature-dependent mechanical behavior, including changes in Young’s modulus, yield strength, and residual stress. The application of a differential pressure and temperature causes the membrane to deform, allowing researchers to characterize composite material properties, particularly for materials used in microelectromechanical sensors (MEMS) operating in harsh environments. This paper aims to explore how CCD made from basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) behaves under thermal and mechanical stress, particularly in various engineering and bioengineering sensor applications, using a technique known as the BT. To start, the diaphragm is pre-stressed and clamped between two plates. When applying differential pressure, it causes the diaphragm to deform. An analytical approach is developed for utilizing the BT to describe the thermo-mechanical properties of these diaphragms. This method is well-suited for examining how diaphragms behave mechanically in both elastic and plastic states. A finite element model (FEM) is extended to analyze the BT outcomes and look into how pre-stress influences the pressure testing, comparing results from the FEM with those derived from analytical calculations. The variations in thickness and material type are also taken into account to better understand how they affect the diaphragm’s mechanical behavior under stress. Additionally, this work considers how temperature impacts the material properties of the diaphragm, which is crucial for analyzing its thermo-mechanical response. The relative () for maximum deflection the analytical and numerical results is less than 0.3%. The simulations are done using ANSYS, MATLAB and its PDE toolbox to get the results.

The advantage to have an automatic pasta machine that cooks dry semolina pasta automatically seems to be several, ranging from energy consumption to freshness and taste. However these machines have proved to be highly problematic.
\nSeveral problems of pasta cooking machines are diffusively discussed. Also several automatic pasta machine patents are briefly described. The machine described herein is conceived for coffee shop where an hot water reservoir and an operator are available. This makes it possible to simplify the machine and improve the safety of use. Several technical solution are analyzed in this paper. Energy concepts and concerns are also discussed. Different technical solution to achieve the best compromise between cost, functionaly and safety are introduced. Several fashionable design are analysed and introduced in this paper. At the end a very simple "rocket" patented machine is described. This machine can cook the special patented "geared spaghetti" in less than a minute and every other type of spaghetti in half the time indicated in the box. This solution seems to be the best compromise for taste, safety and performance.