Traditional use, phytochemistry, toxicology, and pharmacological properties of Lavandula dentata L.: A comprehensive review

Lavandula dentata L. is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, frequently used in traditional medicine to treat various pathologies such as diabetes, inflammation, microbial infections, and other disordors. The present work aims to explore this medicinal plant by highlighting its ethno-medicinal uses, its phytochemical characteristics, as well as its pharmacological and industrial properties on a global scale. Thus, in this review, the highlighted properties are reported to explore possible therapeutic pathways of L. dentata. As reported, this medicinal species is rich in different phytochemicals belonging to several chemical families, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Indeed, L. dentata chemical compounds are characterized by several promising biological and pharmacological properties. These bioactivities include antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory effects, etc. In fact, and even at low concentrations, L. dentata essential oils (EOs) and organic extracts specifically inhibit enzymes, membrane or intracellular receptors, proteins or signaling pathways involved in the genesis of these pathologies. The findings of this work revealed that the pharmacological activities of L. dentata confirm the importance, the diversified use, and the effectiveness of this plant in the traditional remedies of many diseases. Nevertheless, pharmacokinetic validation and toxicological examinations are required to detect any possible toxicity for future clinical trials.