Metazoan species maintain oxygen homeostasis through the activity of hypoxia‐inducible factors, which are transcriptional activators that regulate the expression of hundreds of genes to match O 2 supply and demand. Here, we review the involvement of hypoxia‐inducible factors in the molecular physiology and pathophysiology of cellular O 2 sensing, O 2 delivery, O 2 utilization, and systemic O 2 sensing. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1382. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1382 This article is categorized under: Biological Mechanisms > Metabolism Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Physiology > Organismal Responses to Environment
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