Herein, an eco-friendly biocomposite (metal-organic framework (MIL-53)/Chitosan (biological macromolecule)) was synthesized. MIL-(Fe) (Material Institute of Lavoisier: metal-organic framework) was synthesized and denoted as MIL-53A. The material was modified with different amounts of 3-amino propyl trimethoxy silane for preparing different MILs-53A/NH2. Finally, the surface functionalized metal-organic framework and biological macromolecule (SFMOF/BM) biocomposite was synthesized and characterized using XRD, FESEM, TEM, EDS, BET, TGA, FTIR, and Raman and used to remove emerging pollutants (Direct Red 23 and pharmaceuticals (tetracycline and doxycycline)). Adsorption obeyed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption capacity of the MIL-53A and MIL-53A/NH2 was 3,333 and 10,000 mg/g, respectively. SFMOF/BM had the highest adsorption capacity (12,500 mg/g). Adsorption performance remained high even after five regeneration cycles. The results indicated that SFMOF/BM biocomposite could be used as an environmentally friendly adsorbent of dye and pharmaceuticals. The SFMOF/BM could provide multiple non-covalent interactions to remove different organic pollutants, in which both π-π interactions/stacking and H-bonding are suggested to be responsible for the adsorption of dye, tetracycline, and doxycycline.
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