Synthesis and characterization of the functionalized nanoparticle and dye removal modeling

In this paper, copper oxide nanoparticle was synthesized and its surface was functionalized to remove dyes from single systems. The characteristics of the adsorbent were studied using Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Direct Red 31 (DR31) and Direct Red 80 (DR80) were used as model dyes. Least-squares support vector machine was used to predict dye removal. The model shows better performance in predicting dye removal compared to the kinetic models with average absolute percent relative error of 3.278 and 3.787% for DR31 and DR80, respectively, and correlation coefficients close to unity. Therefore, the used model could be reliable for prediction of the dye removal efficiency.