Ensemble Machine‐Learning‐Based Analysis for In Situ Electron Diffraction

Abstract In situ transmission electron microscopy is an important characterization approach for exploring the structural dynamics of materials. However, the recorded high resolution in situ videos normally have tremendous amount of data, which is challenging for quantitative analysis. In case of in situ electron diffraction (ED), the classical analysis method only tracks changes of the integral profile and ignores important information of position, intensity, and distribution angle due to the lack of a proper data processing tool. In this work, an ensemble machine‐learning‐based framework which enables the fore‐and‐after tracking of all diffraction spots of an in situ ED video is established. As demonstrated in the case of the lithiation of the Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles, the method precisely quantifies the changes of lattice parameters and then unveils the inhomogeneous structural evolution induced by the insertion of lithium ions. This method is generally applicable to analyze in situ ED data derived from any dynamical processes, enlarging the capability to grasp the key information from massive in situ data.