Early and Persistent Intraventricular Conduction Abnormalities and Requirements for Pacemaking After Percutaneous Replacement of the Aortic Valve

Objectives In this retrospective study, we examined the incidence of post-procedural conduction abnormalities and the need for pacing in patients undergoing percutaneous implantation of the aortic valve. Background Safety and feasibility studies have suggested anecdotally the occurrence of conduction abnormalities and requirements for pacing after percutaneous implantation of the aortic valve. Methods We examined the standard 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) of 40 consecutive patients in whom a CoreValve Revalving System (CoreValve, Paris, France) was implanted between November 2005 and March 2008. We examined the 12-lead ECG before treatment, after treatment, and at 1-month follow-up. We documented the requirements for temporary or permanent pacemaking. Results The mean age of patients was 82 ± 7 years. Post-procedural mortality at 72 h was 0%. There was a significant increase in the frequency of left bundle branch block (LBBB) after percutaneous aortic valve replacement (15% before treatment vs. 55% after treatment, p = 0.001). Although the incidence of LBBB had decreased after follow-up of 1 month, it did not reach statistical significance, with the proportion decreasing from 55% to 48% (p = 0.63). The only 2 patients with pre-treatment right bundle branch block became dependent on temporary pacing immediately after valve implantation and subsequently needed permanent pacing. A temporary and permanent pacemaker was required in 20% and 18% of patients, respectively. Conclusions In this study, there was a significant increase in the frequency of LBBB after percutaneous insertion of the aortic valvar prosthesis. Patients with pre-existing right bundle branch block may be at risk for the development of complete heart block and subsequent need for pacing.