This paper makes discussions on a battery energy storage system based on a multilevel cascade pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) converter for its practical use. Briefly discussed are several considerations including state-of-charge (SOC) balancing of multiple battery units, and fault tolerance of the system. An active-power control of individual converter cells is presented to make the multiple battery units charged or discharged at different power levels, producing a three-phase balanced line-to-line voltage. Experimental results obtained from a 200-V, 10-kW, 3.6-kWh battery energy storage system verify its effectiveness.
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