Abstract The inherent saturation non‐linearity of the op amp is used to design circuits having a wide variety of useful non‐linear v‐i characteristics. These circuits are made of one op amp and 3 or 4 linear resistors which are passive under a rather mild assumption derived from the 3‐port paramountcy condition. Explicit design formulae are given for each prototype circuit and numerous examples are given and validated by actual measurements.
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