Cytocompatibility and haemocompatibility of Zr, ZrC and ZrCN films

The cytocompatibility and haemocompatibility of three zirconium based films, i.e. Zr, ZrC and ZrCN, deposited on NiTi shape memory alloy by magnetron sputtering are investigated and compared to those of electropolished NiTi shape memory alloy. The Zr(C,N) series films have deteriorated wettability but have positive effects on the blood compatibility and cytocompatibility of NiTi. Better haemolysis resistance and thromboresistant properties are observed. There are more living cells on the Zr(C,N) series films, and the cells show a higher relative growth rate value than those on the electropolished NiTi. The Zr(C,N) series films act as barrier layers and promote the proliferation of fibroblasts by blocking the leaching of toxic nickel ions from NiTi.