Characterization of Engineered Biochar: Proximate Analyses, Ultimate Analyses, Physicochemical Analyses, Surface Analyses, and Molecular Analyses

In recent times, biochar production, its modification, and utilization have gained much attention. The uniqueness of biochar properties allows its ease in modification to meet up with the application requirements. Low production cost, abundance of raw material, and its applications have contributed to enhancing the research work of biochar. Various biochar production pathways (raw material, process conditions) and their utilization require standardization to maintain quality. In this chapter, the characterization of engineered biochar is explained in detail, which provides robust insight into the analyses, procedures, and expected results for a typical biochar. Specifically, proximate, ultimate, physicochemical, surface, and molecular analyses are described.