An application of CVFEM for nanofluid heat transfer intensification in a porous sinusoidal cavity considering thermal non-equilibrium model

In this article, Control volume based finite element method (CVFEM) is employed to simulate magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid convective heat transfer through a porous cavity by means of thermal non-equilibrium model. Nanofluid properties are estimated by means of Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li (KKL) model and Darcy–Boussinesq approximation is employed for momentum equation. Numerical simulations are provided to find the effects of Rayleigh number R a , solid–nanofluid interface heat transfer parameter N h s , Hartmann number H a and porosity ε . Outputs depict that velocity augments with increase of N h s while it increases with augment of Rayleigh number. Temperature gradient reduces with augment of porosity.