Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) are considered as a promising anode material for LIBs due to their potential high theoretical capacity, suitable lithiation potential and low polarization, but low conductivity and severe volume expansion limit the performance of TMPs. Since metal‐organic framework (MOFs)‐derived materials can inherit the advantages of MOFs, MOFs‐derived metal phosphides have been widely used as anodes for LIBs and exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance. The MOFs derivatization strategy can be used to achieve the adjustment and optimization of the components and structure of metal phosphide composites, such as constructing rich heterojunction structure or designing stable carbon skeleton structure. These modifications effectively improve the electronic structure and structural stability of metal‐phosphide composites, thus solving the current problems of TMPs. In conclusion, this paper systematically summarizes the basic strategies for the modification and preparation of TMPs applied to the field of energy conversion and energy storage from the phosphorus source used in the preparation of TMPs, and finally compares the preparation methods, modification and lithium storage properties of monometallic/bimetallic phosphides derived from MOFs, and looks ahead to the characteristics and possible future development of the metal phosphides obtained by derivatization of MOFs as precursor.
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