Publications

Applying Occupational Health Theories to Educator Stress: Contribution of the Job Demands-Resources Model

No abstract is provided for this article.

Self-determined leadership and motivation: relating two European constructs of engaging leadership and six dimensions of employee work motivation

Main Abstract Content: Purpose Test two independent engaging leadership (EL) construct’s prediction of work motivation. Design Quantitative methods sampled Australian healthcare employees, twice (T1-T2=6 months, Nt1=131, response rate 53.2%, 62.4% male; Nt2 =113, response rate 34.0%, 57.5% male). Measures: Engaging Transformational Leadership Questionnaire© with intercorrellated (r=.56-.76) multidimensional subscales, showing genuine concern, enabling, being honest and consistent, networking and achieving, and being decisive, that highly interrelate (ETLQ, Alban-Metcalfe & Alimo-Metcalfe, 2000). Engaged Leadership Scale© with intercorrelated items (r=.64-.85), and potentially multidimensional subscales, strengthening, connecting, empowering and inspiring (ELS, Schaufeli, personal correspondence, 2016). Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale has six reliable subscales, α=.71-.90 (Gagne, et al., 2015). Analyses: SPSS24 sub-scale optimisation was highly-reliable, α=.74-.98. AMOS24 SEM confirmed a superior-fitting, replicable and representative model nested within longitudinal data (CFI=.994, TFI=.991, RMSEA=.017). Results Measurement residuals modelling found a consistent model in T1 and T2 data. EL, including both EL constructs, significantly negatively predicted Amotivation (β=-.31, p<.001), non-significantly predicted Social Extrinsic Regulation (β=.06, ns), Material Extrinsic Regulation (β=-.07, ns), and Introjected Regulation (β=.06, ns), and significantly positively predicted Identified Regulation (β=.30, p<.001), and Intrinsic Motivation (β=.49, p<.001), over time. Limitations State-trait aggregation, self-report, one source. Implications Self-determined leadership works in collaboration with work motivation. Leaders motivate using self-determined EL behaviours. Employees work using self-determined motivational patterns nurtured by the leader. Value ETLQ and ELS are complimentary, independently viable, and valid, internationally. Constructs predict patterns of highly-intrinsic motivation.

De psychologie van arbeid en gezondheid: Verleden, heden en toekomst

No abstract is provided for this article.

De Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT): Een nieuw instrument voor het meten van Burn-out.

No abstract is provided for this article.

Werkverslaving

No abstract is provided for this article.

Hydrogel-in-hydrogel live bioprinting for guidance and control of organoids and organotypic cultures

Symposium: Person-centered Approach To Burnout

Do burned-out and work-engaged employees differ in the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis?

Objectives The central aim of the present study was to examine differences in the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis between 29 burned-out, 33 work-engaged, and 26 healthy reference managers, as identified with the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Methods All of the managers were employed in a large Dutch telecommunications company. Salivary cortisol was sampled on three consecutive workdays and one nonworkday to determine the cortisol awakening response. Salivary dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS), a cortisol counterbalancing product of the HPA axis, was measured on these days 1 hour after managers awakened. The dexamethasone suppression test was used to investigate the feedback sensitivity of the HPA axis. Results The morning cortisol levels were higher on the workdays than on the nonworkday, but this effect did not differ between the three groups. The burned-out, work-engaged, and reference groups did not differ in the cortisol and DHEAS levels, the slope of the cortisol awakening response, and the cortisol : DHEAS ratio. The work-engaged group showed a stronger cortisol suppression in response to the dexamethasone suppression test than the other two groups, the finding suggesting higher feedback sensitivity among work-engaged managers. Conclusions Burned-out and work-engaged managers only differ marginally in HPA-axis functioning.

The Human Cell Atlas White Paper

The Human Cell Atlas (HCA) will be made up of comprehensive reference maps of all human cells - the fundamental units of life - as a basis for understanding fundamental human biological processes and diagnosing, monitoring, and treating disease. It will help scientists understand how genetic variants impact disease risk, define drug toxicities, discover better therapies, and advance regenerative medicine. A resource of such ambition and scale should be built in stages, increasing in size, breadth, and resolution as technologies develop and understanding deepens. We will therefore pursue Phase 1 as a suite of flagship projects in key tissues, systems, and organs. We will bring together experts in biology, medicine, genomics, technology development and computation (including data analysis, software engineering, and visualization). We will also need standardized experimental and computational methods that will allow us to compare diverse cell and tissue types - and samples across human communities - in consistent ways, ensuring that the resulting resource is truly global. This document, the first version of the HCA White Paper, was written by experts in the field with feedback and suggestions from the HCA community, gathered during recent international meetings. The White Paper, released at the close of this yearlong planning process, will be a living document that evolves as the HCA community provides additional feedback, as technological and computational advances are made, and as lessons are learned during the construction of the atlas.

Host phospholipid peroxidation fuels ExoU-dependent cell necrosis and supports Pseudomonas aeruginosa-driven pathology

Regulated cell necrosis supports immune and anti-infectious strategies of the body; however, dysregulation of these processes drives pathological organ damage. Pseudomonas aeruginosa expresses a phospholipase, ExoU that triggers pathological host cell necrosis through a poorly characterized pathway. Here, we investigated the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ExoU-mediated necrosis. We show that cellular peroxidised phospholipids enhance ExoU phospholipase activity, which drives necrosis of immune and non-immune cells. Conversely, both the endogenous lipid peroxidation regulator GPX4 and the pharmacological inhibition of lipid peroxidation delay ExoU-dependent cell necrosis and improve bacterial elimination in vitro and in vivo . Our findings also pertain to the ExoU-related phospholipase from the bacterial pathogen Burkholderia thailandensis , suggesting that exploitation of peroxidised phospholipids might be a conserved virulence mechanism among various microbial phospholipases. Overall, our results identify an original lipid peroxidation-based virulence mechanism as a strong contributor of microbial phospholipase-driven pathology.

Dutch Work Addiction Scale--Italian Version

The construction and psychometric qualities of the Burnout Assessment Tool

No abstract is provided for this article.

Heavy work investment: its motivational make-up and outcomes

Purpose – The present study aims to investigate the motivational correlates of two types of heavy work investment: workaholism and work engagement. Building on Higgins's regulatory focus theory, the paper examines which work goals workaholic and engaged employees pursue and which strategies they use to achieve these goals. Furthermore, the paper examines how workaholism and work engagement relate to three different work outcomes: job satisfaction, turnover intention, and job performance. Design/methodology/approach – Data from a cross-sectional survey study among 680 Dutch employees in the banking industry were analysed using structural equation modeling. Findings – The analyses revealed that workaholism was primarily and positively associated with having a prevention focus, whereas work engagement was primarily and positively associated with having a promotion focus. Furthermore, workaholism was negatively related to job satisfaction and job performance, and positively related to turnover intention, whereas work engagement was positively associated with job satisfaction and job performance, and negatively associated with turnover intention. Both forms of heavy work investment almost fully mediated the associations between the regulatory foci and the three work outcomes. Research limitations/implications – The conclusions rely on self-report data, a relatively homogeneous sample, and a cross-sectional design. This may have biased our findings to some degree and does not allow inferring causal conclusions. Practical implications – The findings show that workaholic and engaged employees have different work goals and use different strategies to pursue these goals. Moreover, both forms of heavy work investment are oppositely related to work outcomes. Organizations may develop policies to reduce workaholism and to promote work engagement by influencing their employees' regulatory foci. Originality/value – The present study demonstrates that two types of heavy work investment can be distinguished, each with a unique motivational make-up and a unique pattern of work outcomes.

Movie S3 from Oral Mucosal Organoids as a Potential Platform for Personalized Cancer Therapy

&lt;p&gt;Movie S3&lt;/p&gt;

Historical and Conceptual Development of Burnout

This chapter reviews the past history and conceptual development of burnout and discusses its current status, both theoretical and empirical. The diversity of burnout causes, symptoms, definitions, and consequences has contributed much to the confusion about the specificity of burnout. Burnout first emerged as a social problem, not as a scholarly construct. Thus, the initial conception of burnout was shaped by pragmatic rather than academic concerns. Later on, there was a second, empirical phase, in which the emphasis shifted to systematic research on burnout and in particular to the assessment of this phenomenon. Standardized measures of burnout were developed, thus providing researchers with more precise definitions and methodological tools for studying the phenomenon. In particular, the development and widespread acceptance of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Tedium Measure (TM) fostered systematic research on burnout, resulting in an increased number of articles published in scholarly.

Generation of an inducible colon-specific Cre enzyme mouse line for colon cancer research

Significance A major limitation of current mouse models of colorectal cancer (CRC) is that the cancer that develops is often significantly different from human colon cancer in terms of latency, intestinal location, or molecular signature. Carbonic anhydrase I ( Car1 ) is a gene expressed by colonic epithelial cells. We generated an inducible Car1 CreER mouse model with Cre expression in the cecum and proximal colon. Mutations of genes that drive human CRC with our Car1 CreER mouse yielded tumors exclusively in the cecum and proximal colon. Differentiated colonic cells in the proximal colon with Apc/Kras mutations initiate tumors supporting a top-down model of intestinal tumorigenesis. The inducible Car1 CreER will be a useful model in studying human intestinal cancers originating from the proximal colon.

Organizational and personal risk factors in workplace bullying

No abstract is provided for this article.

Testing the effort-reward imbalance model in a longitudinal perspective

Large‐Scale Production of LGR5‐Positive Bipotential Human Liver Stem Cells

Background and Aims The gap between patients on transplant waiting lists and available donor organs is steadily increasing. Human organoids derived from leucine‐rich repeat‐containing G protein‐coupled receptor 5 (LGR5)–positive adult stem cells represent an exciting new cell source for liver regeneration; however, culturing large numbers of organoids with current protocols is tedious and the level of hepatic differentiation is limited. Approach and Results Here, we established a method for the expansion of large quantities of human liver organoids in spinner flasks. Due to improved oxygenation in the spinner flasks, organoids rapidly proliferated and reached an average 40‐fold cell expansion after 2 weeks, compared with 6‐fold expansion in static cultures. The organoids repopulated decellularized liver discs and formed liver‐like tissue. After differentiation in spinner flasks, mature hepatocyte markers were highly up‐regulated compared with static organoid cultures, and cytochrome p450 activity reached levels equivalent to hepatocytes. Conclusions We established a highly efficient method for culturing large numbers of LGR5‐positive stem cells in the form of organoids, which paves the way for the application of organoids for tissue engineering and liver transplantation.