Promoting the use of contact tracing technology will be an important step in global recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Across two studies, we assess two messaging strategies as motivators of intended contact tracing uptake. In one sample of 1117 Australian adults (Mage=50.17, SDage=17.46) and one sample of 888 American adults (Mage=46.09, SDage=17.00), we examined autonomy-supportive and controlling message framing and the presence or absence of information safety as predictors of intended contact tracing application uptake. Using an online randomized 2 x 2 experimental design, we found that message framing had no effect on intended uptake in Study 1. However, in Study 2, and counter to expectations, we found that participants in the controlling message framing conditions had higher intentions to download and use the application. Across both studies, we also found main effects for information safety. Those in high information safety conditions consistently reported higher intended uptake and more positive perceptions of the application, than those in low information safety conditions, regardless of message framing. In Study 2, we also found that perceptions of the government as legitimate related positively to intended application uptake, as did political affiliation. In sum, individuals appeared more willing to assent to authority regarding contact tracing insofar as their data safety can be assured. Yet, public messaging strategies alone may be insufficient to initiate intentions to change behavior, even in these unprecedented circumstances.
In this chapter we review recent conceptualizations and research regarding the impact of political and economic systems on people’s thriving through their effects on basic needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Self-determination theory (SDT) particularly stresses how thriving requires both access to resources (e.g., education, healthcare) and freedoms (e.g., rights for identity choice, freedom from discrimination). Illustrating this are studies using economic and philosophical models of capabilities and social primary goods, the positive effects of which are largely mediated by SDT’s basic needs. The chapter also includes discussion of how governments create compliance by either controlling or autonomy-supportive means, with differing effects. SDT supplies a critical and comparative perspective on both economic and political policies and practices using its criteria of meeting human needs.
No abstract is provided for this article.
No abstract is provided for this article.
No abstract is provided for this article.
As the dust settles upon a decade of developing faster, better, cheaper satellites, NASA's Small Explorer (SMEX) Project has been one of constant change. The project manager, mission manager, and lead subsystem engineer of yesteryear may find themselves out of date should they ignore the budget constraints/changes over the past decade. Yesterday's fiscal reporting and cost tracking processes are seldom valid today, and even less likely to be valid tomorrow.
Attachment research has traditionally focused on individual differences in global patterns of attachment to important others. The current research instead focuses primarily on within-person variability in attachments across relational partners. It was predicted that within-person variability would be substantial, even among primary attachment figures of mother, father, romantic partner, and best friend. The prediction was supported in three studies. Furthermore, in line with self-determination theory, multilevel modeling and regression analyses showed that, at the relationship level, individuals' experience of fulfillment of the basic needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness positively predicted overall attachment security, model of self, and model of other. Relations of both attachment and need satisfaction to well-being were also explored.
Prior research suggests that, on average, disclosing sexual identity (being “out”) yields wellness benefits for lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals. LGB individuals vary, however, both in how much they disclose their sexual orientation in different social contexts and in the experiences that follow from disclosure. The present research examines this within-person variation in disclosure and its consequences as a function of the autonomy supportive versus controlling character of social contexts. LGB individuals rated experiences of autonomy support and control in the contexts of family, friends, coworkers, school, and religious community, as well how “out” they were, and their context-specific self-esteem, depression, and anger. Findings from multilevel modeling revealed that LGB individuals were more likely to disclose in autonomy supportive contexts. Additionally, whereas disclosure was associated with more positive well-being in autonomy supportive contexts, in controlling contexts it was not. Practical and research implications are discussed.
Subjects read a proattitudinal communication five times in order to try to convince others of the position. They received either no pay or $7.50 for doing so. Paid subjects demonstrated significant attitude change, relative to no pay subjects, away from the position in the communication. The results were predicted using both a “change in perceived locus of causality process” and a “self-perception process”, and were contrasted with seemingly discrepant results from an earlier study by Kiesler and Sakumura. The apparent difference is mostly likely due to the fact that the induction in the present study was belief-relevant, whereas it was belief-irrelevant in the Kiesler and Sakumura study.
Does having a negative impact on others decrease one's well-being? In three separate pre-registered studies (n = 111, n = 445, & n = 447), participants engaged in a button-pushing activity for 4 min in three conditions: earning money for themselves (~60c), also earning money for the Red Cross (~15c), or also reducing the money distributed to the Red Cross (~15c). The results of the individual studies and a meta-analysis across them showed that positive impact increased well-being, but even though participants were aware of the negative impact they were having, there was no increased ill-being in the negative impact condition. In Study 3 we examined whether participants in the negative impact condition are mentally compensating by emphasizing the positive impact they are having towards science.
Aspiring for financial success is an important aspect of capitalist cultures. Three studies examine the hypothesis that values and expectancies for wealth and money are negatively associated with adjustment and well-being when they are more central to an individual than other self-relevant values and expectancies. Studies 1 and 2 use 2 methods to show that the relative centrality of money-related values and expectancies is negatively related to college students' well-being and mental health. Study 3, using a heterogeneous noncollege sample, extends these findings by showing that a high centrality of aspirations for financial success is associated with interview ratings of lower global adjustment and social productivity and more behavioral disorders. Discussion is focused on the deleterious consequences of materialistic world views and the need to examine differential effects of content regarding goals and values.
