Publications

Translating hard science - side effects of a publishing context

No abstract is provided for this article.

Autonomy Is No Illusion: Self-Determination Theory and the Empirical Study of Authenticity, Awareness, and Will.

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Origins

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Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being.

Promoting self-determined school engagement: Motivation, learning, and well-being.

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Acknowledge and accept negative feelings

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The link between perceived group need support and thwarting and personal wellness: The moderating role of identity centrality.

Effects of performance standards on teaching styles: Behavior of controlling teachers.

Previous research has shown that when teachers are oriented toward controlling rather than supporting autonomy in their students, the students display lowered intrinsic motivation and self-esteem. The present study explored conditions that lead teachers to be more controlling versus more autonomy oriented with students. Impressing upon teachers that they are responsible for their students' performing up to standards leads them to be more controlling than teachers who were told that there were no performance standards for their students' learning. Teachers in the former condition talked more, were more critical of the students, gave more commands, and allowed less choice and autonomy. Considerable research has detailed the processes through which external events can affect a person's intrinsic motivation. In reviewing the evidence, Deci and Ryan (1980) concluded that the central parameter mediating the effects of external events on intrinsic motivation is self-determin ation. In other words, the experience of choice seems to be a necessary condition for the maintenance or enhancement of intrinsic motivation. Events that pressure people toward specified outcomes, thereby denying them the experience of choice, have repeatedly been shown to undermine intrinsic motivation. These events are referred to by Deci and Ryan as controlling. In contrast, events that provide people with meaningful feedback in the context of choice have been shown to enhance intrinsic motivation; these events are referred to as informational. There are two important components of informational events (and thus of events that enhance intrinsic motivation): They must provide choice and they must contain meaningful feedback. By meaningful, we

Autonomy is no illusion

No abstract is provided for this article.

Needs and Well-Being Across Europe: Basic Psychological Needs Are Closely Connected With Well-Being, Meaning, and Symptoms of Depression in 27 European Countries

In the quest to identify the key sources of subjective well-being, self-determination theory (SDT) has proposed that three basic psychological needs—autonomy, competence, and relatedness—are fundamental to well-being across cultures. To understand their influence on well-being, we analyzed data from European Social Survey on 27 European countries ( n = 48,550) using structural equation modeling with alignment invariance that allowed us to get comparable indicators across the countries. Both across Europe, and within each of the 27 countries, SDT’s basic psychological needs—both when examined alone and when examined together—were strongly related to key indicators of well-being (happiness, life satisfaction, and meaning in life) and a key indicator of ill-being (symptoms of depression), even controlling for demographic factors and socio-economic position. Moreover, basic needs substantially and sometimes fully mediated the effects of socio-economic position on well-being, underscoring their status as crucial to human well-being.

Self-determination theory: When mind mediates behavior.

Presenting the Facts About Smoking to Adolescents

<h3>Objectives</h3> To test the self-determination model of health-related behavior by examining whether the degree to which adolescents experience an appeal to not smoke as autonomy supportive would affect their autonomous motivation for not smoking and, in turn, their behavior of either refraining from smoking or smoking less, and to validate the measures of perceived autonomy support and autonomous motivation for not smoking. <h3>Design</h3> Two studies of physicians presenting information about not smoking using 2 message styles, 1 of which was designed to be more autonomy supportive. The preliminary study involved nonrandomized assignment to message style and only immediate assessment of perceptions, motivation, and behavior, while the primary study involved randomized assignment and 4-month longitudinal assessments. <h3>Setting and Participants</h3> Nearly 400 ninth- through 12th-grade students at 2 suburban high schools in upstate New York. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Adolescents' perceptions of the presentations' autonomy supportiveness of the presenters, as well as adolescents' autonomous motivation for not smoking and their self-reports of smoking. The primary study also assessed change in students' autonomous motivation and change in their self-reported smoking during 4 months. <h3>Results</h3> In both studies, the measures were reliable and valid. Students perceived significantly (<i>P</i>=.04 and<i>P</i>&lt;.001, respectively) greater autonomy support in the "It's Your Choice" presentation, after controlling for whether the students were smokers. Perceived autonomy supportiveness of the presentation was positively correlated with autonomous reasons for not smoking in the preliminary study and with increases in autonomous motivation for not smoking in the primary study. Change in autonomous reasons for not smoking significantly (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) predicted reduction in smoking during 4 months. <h3>Conclusion</h3> When adolescents perceived messages about not smoking as autonomy supportive, they had more autonomous motivation for not smoking, and that, in turn, predicted a decrease in their self-reports of smoking.

Experimental Climate Scale

Royal College of Surgeons comparative ENT audit 1990

The Royal College of Surgeons Comparative Audit Service was set up in 1990 so that surgeons could pool their audit data, to provide 'standards' with which to compare their own figures. A total of 405 consultant otolaryngologists were circularized in December 1991 inviting them to return data about their resources, workload, case-mix and complications, and about two specific audit topics-Myringoplasty and Carcinoma of the Larynx--for the calendar year 1990. A total of 65 consultants returned proformas with data on 52208 admissions and 31240 surgical procedures. The 'average' respondent admitted 829 patients in the year (19% of these day cases and 14% emergencies) and performed 744 surgical procedures with a mean complication rate of 1.39% using three theatre sessions per week. Cancelled theatre sessions per annum per consultant ranged from 0 to 71. The mean known success rate after myringoplasty was 65%, with hearing improvement in 53%. The 'average' ENT surgeon saw 3.5 new cases of invasive carcinoma of the larynx and treated 69% of these with radiotherapy alone, compared with 14% surgery alone. As well as allowing a profile to be drawn up of the 'average' respondent, this audit allowed individual consultants returning data to compare their own figures in detail with the pooled data, which were presented graphically at a meeting in April 1992.

Editorial for “Positive Computing: A New Partnership Between Psychology, Social Sciences and Technologists”

In 2016, almost three and a half billion people, or 46 % of the world population, have an internet connection (internetlivestats 2016).The number of mobile phone users is even higher: more than four and a half billion people own a mobile (or smart) phone (statista.com 2016).Interactive technology is ubiquitous, influencing the daily practices of many people all over the planet.Technology especially permeates the lives of young people whereby those aged 8-18 years spend more time on electronic screens than they do with their parents or at school (Rideout et al. 2010).Although interactive technologies afford conveniences and efficiencies, the overall contribution of this technology to wellbeing has been a topic of ongoing debate.Some highlight how new technologies inform, liberate and enrich our lives, whereas others suggest that the new technologies too often impoverish our experiences and self-regulation of behaviours, distracting us from relationships and compromising health-promoting activities such as physical activity and sleep.These concerns come at a time when researchers are identifying increases in mental illnesses like depression and anxiety particularly for young people (Sawyer et al. 2012).Some people are asking: now that we have all this new technology why aren't we happier?The fact is that much of today's technology was not designed with an explicit focus on wellbeing, nor was it informed by knowledge about the conditions that facilitate it.In fact, we often do not understand the impact of new technologies on wellness until well after they come to market, as we see how people use or abuse new devices and applications.Yet with careful forethought and design, there is the possibility of using designing technology to foster well-being.Well-designed programs and devices can augment people's physical and metal wellness and, given the sheer numbers of people who use interactive technologies, do so at a scale that traditional "on the ground" interventions cannot capture.Yet if technology is to be recruited in an effort to improve worldwide wellbeing, then we need new partnerships between psychologists, social scientists, designers and engineers.A broadening in the interdisciplinarity of technology design will enable us to both better understand the psychological and behavioural impact of new technologies and applications, and to develop basic expectations for their design and implementation.

Subtilités écoeurantes

We present an empirical typology of professional translators based on three crossed criteria: point of view on the translation process (symmetrical or asymmetrical), approach (focus on unity, difference or linguistic multiplicity) and motivation (quest, recognition, expression, craftsmanship, subsistence, etc.). This typology supports six tropisms corresponding to different types and areas of professional translating. These in turn help to explain the discordance felt by translators between personal ethics and business imperatives, and justify career choices.

Facilitating health behaviour change and its maintenance: Interventions based on Self-Determination Theory

Despite many recent technical breakthroughs in health care, human behaviour remains the largest source of variance in health-related outcomes (Schroeder, 2007). People’s health and well-being are robustly affected by lifestyle factors such as smoking, hygiene, diet, and physical activity, all of which involve behaviours that are potentially controllable by the individual. In addition, outside of acute care settings, the effectiveness of most health care interventions is highly dependent on the patient’s adherence to self-care activities such as taking medications, performing self-examinations, or refraining from specific activities or habits. A significant problem is the poor adherence to prescribed changes or recommended behaviours over time.

Visible or invisible: Effects of support-visibility on adjustment to stress from a self-determination theory perspective