No abstract is provided for this article.
In the discussion on Sexual Selection in my Descent of Man, no case interested and perplexed me so much as the brightly-coloured hinder ends and adjoining parts of certain monkeys. As these parts are more brightly coloured in one sex than the other, and as they become more brilliant during the season of love, I concluded that the colours had been gained as a sexual attraction. I was well aware that I thus laid myself open to ridicule; though in fact it is not more surprising that a monkey should display his bright-red hinder end than that a peacock should display his magnificent tail.C. Darwin, Nature, 2 November 1876, p. 18
It is thought that allogrooming is practised strategically in order to establish, maintain and reinforce social bonds between group members, exchanging one altruistic behaviour for a different form of reciprocated benefit at a later date. Correlational evidence supports this, but evidence of causality is lacking. We reduced parasite loads in eight meerkat Suricata suricatta groups, generating a substantial decrease in grooming. Contrary to the predictions, overall antagonism did not increase. However, within group networks, grooming increased towards individuals who increased their antagonism. This was restricted to antagonism focused on social position, rather than access to physical resources. The treatment also increased an alternative placatory behaviour: unprompted submissions. Following treatment, individuals performed higher rates of guarding and marking behaviours, suggesting that they were stressed. A reduction in opportunity to mediate stress through grooming may explain local rises in antagonism and corresponding increases in placatory behaviours. We suggest that meerkats use allogrooming (and submissions) as a facultative response to antagonism, rather than a pre-emptive strategy to avert it by establishing a network of associations, as has been suggested for primates.
Fourteen patients with falciparum malaria were successfully treated with oral quinidine. Twelve of these patients were followed for 35 days without recrudescence. In six patients the infection had already recrudesced after antimalarial treatment, which in two cases had included a full course of quinine. Quinidine caused no cardiotoxicity, although the electrocardiogram QTc interval was prolonged by more than 25% in four patients. In-vitro cultures from nine of these patients and a further seven patients with falciparum malaria showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration was consistently lower for quinidine than for quinine. Quinidine is an effective antimalarial drug for Plasmodium falciparum infections and may be more potent than quinine.
While the evolution of cooperative breeding systems (where non-breeding helpers participate in rearing young produced by dominant females) has been restricted to lineages with socially monogamous mating systems where coefficients of relatedness between group members are usually high, not all monogamous lineages have produced species with cooperative breeding systems, suggesting that other factors constrain the evolution of cooperative breeding. Previous studies have suggested that life-history parameters, including longevity, may constrain the evolution of cooperative breeding. Here, we show that transitions to cooperative breeding across the mammalian phylogeny have been restricted to lineages where females produce multiple offspring per birth. We find no support for effects of longevity or of other life-history parameters. We suggest that the evolution of cooperative breeding has been restricted to monogamous lineages where helpers have the potential to increase the reproductive output of breeders.
10 patients with severe refractory hypertension were treated with captopril and frusemide. All patients had uncontrolled blood pressure (mean arterial pressure >140 mm Hg), and 7 had developed accelerated hypertension despite maximum conventional treatment. Captopril and frusemide controlled blood pressure in all 10 patients, without side effects in 9. There was a significant rise in plasma-potassium in 9 patients (1 mmol/l), and hyperkalæmia (plasma-potassium >6 mmol/l) developed in 3 patients despite coincident treatment with frusemide.
Journal Article Quinine pharmacokinetics in cerebral malaria: predicted plasma concentrations after rapid intravenous loading using a two-compartment model Get access T.M.E. Davis, T.M.E. Davis 1Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand2Tropical Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N.J. White, N.J. White 1Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand2Tropical Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Looareesuwan, S. Looareesuwan 1Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand2Tropical Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Silamut, K. Silamut 1Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand2Tropical Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D.A. Warrell D.A. Warrell 1Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand2Tropical Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 82, Issue 4, July-August 1988, Pages 542–547, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(88)90498-1 Published: 01 July 1988 Article history Received: 07 March 1988 Accepted: 18 March 1988 Published: 01 July 1988
No abstract is provided for this article.
In this Policy Forum article, James A. Watson and colleagues discuss recent guidelines relating to pre-referral treatment of suspected severe malaria with rectal artesunate suppositories in remote areas.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
