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<p>Figure S1: Myeloid Ikkβ is required for anti-tumorigenic immunity. Figure S2. Myeloid cell depletion alters tumor immunity. Figure S3. Ikkβ loss alters macrophage phagocytosis capacity. Figure S4. Myeloid Ikkβ deletion reduced the cytotoxicity of T cells Figure S5. Cytokines play a major role in orchestrating the cellular make-up of the tumor microenvironment.</p>
Purpose This study assessed the rates and correlates of adolescents’ compliance with national guidelines for physical activity. Methods A cross-sectional phone survey of adolescents and their parents was conducted in the 100 largest cities in the United States in 2005. Adolescents ages 14–17 years (n = 6125) were asked how many days during the previous week and during a typical week they were physically active for at least 60 minutes. Compliance was defined as 5+ days per week. Parents provided data on teen’s age and race/ethnicity, parental education level, annual household income, and region of residence. Associations among these variables and compliance with physical activity guidelines were examined. Results Approximately 40% of the females and 57% of the males complied with the national physical activity guidelines. Logistic regression indicated that for both genders, compliance was significantly associated with having higher household income and that, for females only, compliance declined significantly with age. Region of residence did not predict compliance for either gender. Conclusion A majority of the girls and a large portion of the boys failed to meet the current guidelines, thereby increasing their risks of multiple health problems. Targeting intervention resources for low income teens and older adolescent teen girls is recommended.
An isolated polypeptide (JNK) characterized by having a molecular weight of 46 kD as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE, having serine and threonine kinase activity, phosphorylating the c-Jun N-terminal activation domain and polynucleotide sequences and method of detection of JNK are provided herein. JNK phosphorylates c-Jun N-terminal activation domain which affects gene expression from AP-1 sites.
Reported Relationships: J.F. Sallis:Royalty; SPARK Programs of School Specialty Inc. Intellectual Property; SPARK Programs of School Specialty Inc. Contracted Research - Including Principle Investigator; Nike, Inc. Ownership Interest; Santech Inc. PURPOSE: Creating “activity-friendly environments” is a recommended strategy to increase physical activity, but the potential co-benefits are unclear. Purpose is to explore a wide range of literature to understand the co-benefits of activity-friendly environments. METHODS: An extensive but non-systematic search of scientific and “gray” literature was conducted. Five physical activity settings were defined: parks/trails, urban design, transportation, schools, and workplaces/buildings. Several evidence-based activity-friendly features were identified for each setting. Six potential co-benefits were searched: physical health, mental health, social health, safety/injury prevention, environmental sustainability, and economics. Over 200 sources were located, and 418 higher-quality findings were summarized with semi-quantitative scores based on direction of associations and quality of the source. RESULTS: When findings were summarized for each setting, 22 of 30 setting by outcome combinations showed “strong” evidence of co-benefits. Each setting had strong evidence of at least three co-benefits, with only one occurrence of a net negative effect. All settings showed the potential to be designed so they would contribute to environmental sustainability and economic benefits. Parks/trails had strong evidence for all 6 co-benefits, and urban planning had strong evidence for 5 co-benefits. CONCLUSION: The exploration of literature revealed substantial evidence that designing environments that make physical activity attractive and convenient is likely to produce multiple important benefits beyond physical activity.
More than a decade ago our view of gene regulation by glucocorticoids (GC) and other steroid hormones underwent a dramatic change with the discovery of negative crosstalk (transcriptional interference) between the GC receptor (GCR) and transcription factor AP-1 (Jun:Fos). It was initially observed that induction of the collagenase type 1 gene, which is mediated through activation of AP-1 by growth factors and inflammatory cytokines, is repressed by GC. This repression was attributed to mutual negative interactions between AP-1 and GCR. Although the exact molecular mechanism underlying this particular case of transcriptional interference is yet to be determined, it has become clear that this and analogous interactions with other transcription factors (e.g. nuclear factor-kappaB) underlie the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity of GC. Recent studies conducted at the whole animal level indicate that the interactions between the AP-1 and GC signaling pathways are much more extensive. AP-1-related signaling via the Jun N-terminal kinases can lead to increased levels of circulating GC, which eventually down-modulate AP-1 activity via transcriptional interference. This negative feedback loop is likely to be of great importance for maintenance of homeostasis and regulation of stress responses, including acute and chronic inflammation.
Conference Abstract| October 01 2000 FROM INFLAMMATION TO SKIN BIOLOGY: PROTEIN KINASE CASCADES THAT CONTROL NF-κB ACTIVITY Michael Karin, Ph.D. Michael Karin, Ph.D. karinoffice@ucsd.edu Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (2000) 28 (5): A119. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a119a Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Michael Karin; FROM INFLAMMATION TO SKIN BIOLOGY: PROTEIN KINASE CASCADES THAT CONTROL NF-κB ACTIVITY. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 2000; 28 (5): A119. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a119a Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2000 Biochemical Society2000 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
While there is a growing literature on the relations between neighborhood design and health factors such as physical activity and obesity, less focus has been placed on older adults, who may be particularly vulnerable to environmental influences. This study evaluates the relations among objectively measured neighborhood design, mobility impairment, and physical activity and body weight in two U.S. regional samples of community dwelling older adults living in neighborhoods differing in walkability and income levels. An observational design involving two time points six months apart was employed between 2005 and 2008. U.S. Census block groups in Seattle-King County, Washington and Baltimore, Maryland-Washington DC regions were selected via geographic information systems to maximize variability in walkability and income. Participants were 719 adults ages 66 years and older who were able to complete surveys in English and walk at least 10 feet continuously. Measurements included reported walking or bicycling for errands (i.e., transport activity) and other outdoor aerobic activities measured via the CHAMPS questionnaire: accelerometry-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; reported body mass index; and reported lower extremity mobility impairment measured via the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument. Across regions, time, and neighborhood income, older adults living in more walkable neighborhoods had more transport activity and moderate-to- vigorous physical activity and lower body mass index relative to those living in less walkable neighborhoods. The most mobility-impaired adults living in more walkable neighborhoods reported transport activity levels that were similar to less mobility-impaired adults living in less walkable neighborhoods. The results add to the small literature aimed at understanding how neighborhood design may influence physical activity and related aspects of health linked with day-to-day function and independence as people age.
AffiliationsRussell R. Pate is with the Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC. James F. Sallis is with the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA. Keshia M. Pollack Porter is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
