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Formal program evaluation is an important resource for health care decision making. It is necessary in situations where traditional organizational evaluative capabilities an no longer meet the requirements of the job at hand.
An explanation of the photostimulated formation of anodic oxide films is given in terms of the photoquenching of the internal electric field. A description of this phenomena is presented within the framework of the point defect model. For the stationary situation, concentration profiles for oxygen ion vacancies across the film, in the dark and under super band-gap illumination conditions, are derived. For the nonstationary case a transport model is presented that accounts for the observed linear dependence of the film thickness L(t) on √t for the photostimulated formation of anodic films on zirconium in (1 M) H3PO4. This model can be used to derive the product of the diffusion coefficient of the oxygen vacancies DO and changes in their concentration at the metal/film interface. With DO=5×10−17 cm2 s−1, a change in the m/f interfacial oxygen vacancy concentration of 3.4×1022 cm−3 is found.
El artículo desarrolla una crítica profunda a los abordajes que predominan en el estudio de la pobreza urbana en los Estados Unidos. A juicio del autor, tales abordajes simplifican al extremo la noción de gueto, convirtiéndola en el equivalente de bolsón de pobreza, despojándola así de su especificidad histórica, su potencial heurístico y su valor sociológico. El autor aboga por la recuperación de una perspectiva institucionalista de la noción de gueto, así como por romper con el exotismo que se le atribuye en la actualidad, de modo de mostrar que el gueto no es el resultado de un particularismo local ni de una determinada esencia cultural propia a sus habitantes, sino que el resultado complejo de la articulación de una serie de agentes y factores institucionales y del funcionamiento de estructuras de dominación política y económica que trascienden al gueto y atraviesan a la sociedad en su conjunto. El artículo pretende ser un primer paso en esta dirección.
Abstract This chapter seeks to demonstrate the value added from community participation to the research process itself. It shows how Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) methods are useful in the dissemination and implementation (D&I) of research findings and some of the lessons from CBPR for D&I research. It discusses challenges that can play out in participatory research, followed by a more detailed examination of the specific ways in which a CBPR approach can enhance the D&I of research findings through collaborative design, analysis, dissemination, and research translation. A case study of a community-university-health department CBPR project that endeavored to study and improve the health and working conditions of restaurant workers in San Francisco's Chinatown District is presented. Then, some of the methods used to involve all partners in study design, data analysis, and translation of findings into action, as well as some of the benefits of doing so, are discussed. Finally, key lessons learned, through this and other CBPR efforts, are shared, and their implications for improving the breadth and effectiveness of the critical dissemination and implementation phases of research are summarized.
The Comment by Meunier states that the process we described in our report cannot deliver the claimed amount of liquid water in an arid climate. This statement is not valid because the parameters presented in our study were inappropriately combined to draw misguided conclusions.
Abstract Hydrogen gas is thought to be the ideal fuel for a world in which air pollution has been alleviated, global warming has been arrested, and the environment has been protected in an economically sustainable manner. Hydrogen and electricity could team to provide attractive options in transportation and power generation. Interconversion between these two forms of energy suggests on-site utilization of hydrogen to generate electricity, with the electrical power grid serving in energy transportation, distribution utilization, and hydrogen regeneration as needed. A challenging problem in establishing H2 as a source of energy for the future is the renewable and environmentally friendly generation of large quantities of H2 gas. Thus, processes that are presently conceptual in nature, or at a developmental stage in the laboratory, need to be encouraged, tested for feasibility, and otherwise applied toward commercialization.
Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana deficient in gibberellin synthesis (ga1-3 and ga1-6), and a gibberellin-insensitive mutant (gai) were compared to the wild-type (WT) Landsberg erecta line for flowering time and leaf number when grown in either short days (SD) or continuous light (CL). The ga1-3 mutant, which is severely defective in ent-kaurene synthesis because it lacks most of the GA1 gene, never flowered in SD unless treated with exogenous gibberellin. After a prolonged period of vegetative growth, this mutant eventually underwent senescence without having produced flower buds. The gai mutant and the "leaky" ga1-6 mutant did flower in SD, but took somewhat longer than WT. All the mutants flowered readily in CL, although the ga1-3 mutant showed some delay. Unlike WT and ga1-3, the gai mutant failed to respond to gibberellin treatment by accelerating flowering in SD. A cold treatment promoted flowering in the WT and gai, but failed to induce flowering in ga1-3. From these results, it appears that gibberellin normally plays a role in initiating flowering of Arabidopsis.
