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Simplified models provide a useful way to study the impacts of a small number of new particles on experimental observables and the interplay of those observables, without the need to construct an underlying theory. In this study, we perform global fits of simplified dark matter models with GAMBIT using an up-to-date set of likelihoods for indirect detection, direct detection and collider searches. We investigate models in which a scalar or fermionic dark matter candidate couples to quarks via an s-channel vector mediator. Large parts of parameter space survive for each model. In the case of Dirac or Majorana fermion dark matter, excesses in LHC monojet searches and relic density limits tend to prefer the resonance region, where the dark matter has approximately half the mass of the mediator. A combination of vector and axial-vector couplings to the Dirac candidate also leads to competing constraints from direct detection and unitarity violation.
Summary Powdery mildews and other obligate biotrophic pathogens are highly adapted to their hosts and often show limited host ranges. One facet of such host specialization is likely to be penetration of the host cell wall, a major barrier to infection. A mutation in the pmr5 gene rendered Arabidopsis resistant to the powdery mildew species Erysiphe cichoracearum and Erysiphe orontii , but not to the unrelated pathogens Pseudomonas syringae or Peronospora parasitica . PMR5 belongs to a large family of plant‐specific genes of unknown function. pmr5 ‐mediated resistance did not require signaling through either the salicylic acid or jasmonic acid/ethylene defense pathways, suggesting resistance in this mutant may be due either to the loss of a susceptibility factor or to the activation of a novel form of defense. Based on Fourier transform infrared analysis, the pmr5 cell walls were enriched in pectin and exhibited a reduced degree of pectin modification relative to wild‐type cell walls. In addition, the mutant had smaller cells, suggesting a defect in cell expansion. A double mutant with pmr6 (defective in a glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored pectate lyase‐like gene) exhibited a strong increase in total uronic acid content and a more severe reduction in size, relative to the single mutants, suggesting that the two genes affect pectin composition, either directly or indirectly, via different mechanisms. These two mutants highlight the importance of the host cell wall in plant–microbe interactions.
The Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act (CHI), signed into law in 1988, represented the greatest expansion of Medicare since the program's establishment in 1965. Although the nature and extent of the political fallout from these events is yet to be fully appreciated, the short life and painful death of CHI deserves attention. The Catastrophic Coverage Act, which in part reflects changing assumptions regarding reciprocal obligations as they apply to the elderly, provides an excellent case study of a policy development better understood through a combined political and moral economy framework. The structure of CHI taxation also violated moral economy notions of fairness in asking less than 6 percent of America's population to do what was expected of no one else: to pay a special tax for benefits for their age group. A political economy framework questions the basic assumptions of pluralism and overcomes many of its limitations.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of severe insomnia symptoms and the extent to which they are associated with daytime impairments in comorbid mood and anxiety disorders. DESIGN: Nationally representative cross-sectional survey. SETTING: National Comorbidity Survey-Replication (NCS-R). PARTICIPANTS: There were 5,692 NCS-R respondents with no mood or anxiety disorder (n = 3,711), mood disorders only (n = 327), anxiety disorders only (n = 1,137), and coexisting mood and anxiety disorders (n = 517). INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition disorders and severe insomnia symptoms in the past year were assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO-DAS) indexed eight domains of daytime impairment in the past 30 days, which included self-care, mobility, cognition, social functioning, time out of role, and four components of productive role functioning. Respondents with comorbid mood and anxiety disorders had significantly higher rates of severe insomnia complaints (42.1-62.8%) relative to the three other groups. Severe insomnia complaints were also significantly more prevalent in individuals with mood (25.2-45.6%) or anxiety disorders only (24.9-45.5%) relative to those with no disorder (12.4-24.3%). Moreover, endorsing a severe insomnia complaint in the past year was associated with increased days of impairment across all past-month WHO-DAS domains for respondents with mood-anxiety comorbidity. For the remaining groups, severe insomnia complaints were related to increased days of impairment across all domains except self-care, and additionally mobility for the group with mood disorders only. CONCLUSIONS: Comorbid mood and anxiety disorders are associated with high rates of severe insomnia complaints, which were independently associated with substantial functional impairment. CITATION: Soehner AM; Harvey AG. Prevalence and functional consequences of severe insomnia symptoms in mood and anxiety disorders: results from a nationally representative sample. SLEEP 2012;35(10):1367–1375.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTLigand Effects in Homogeneous Au CatalysisDavid J. Gorin, Benjamin D. Sherry, and F. Dean Toste*View Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720* Author for correspondence. Telephone: 510-642-2850. Fax: 510-643-9480. Email: [email protected].Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 8, 3351–3378Publication Date (Web):July 25, 2008Publication History Received13 February 2008Published online25 July 2008Published inissue 1 August 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr068430ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr068430greview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views19133Altmetric-Citations1934LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Cyclization,Gold,Hydrocarbons,Ligands Get e-Alerts
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
We present BlowFish, a distributed data store that admits a smooth tradeoff between storage and performance for point queries. What makes BlowFish unique is its ability to navigate along this tradeoff curve efficiently at fine-grained time scales with low computational overhead. Achieving a smooth and dynamic storage-performance tradeoff enables a wide range of applications. We apply BlowFish to several such applications from real-world production clusters: (i) as a data recovery mechanism during failures: in practice, BlowFish requires 5.4× lower bandwidth and 2.5× lower repair time compared to state-of-the-art erasure codes, while reducing the storage cost of replication from 3× to 1.9×; and (ii) data stores with spatially-skewed and time-varying workloads (e.g., due to object popularity and/or transient failures): we show that navigating the storage-performance tradeoff achieves higher system-wide utility (e.g., throughput) than selectively caching hot objects.
We characterize the problem of pose estimation for rigid objects in terms of determining viewpoint to explain coarse pose and keypoint prediction to capture the finer details. We address both these tasks in two different settings - the constrained setting with known bounding boxes and the more challenging detection setting where the aim is to simultaneously detect and correctly estimate pose of objects. We present Convolutional Neural Network based architectures for these and demonstrate that leveraging viewpoint estimates can substantially improve local appearance based keypoint predictions. In addition to achieving significant improvements over state-of-the-art in the above tasks, we analyze the error modes and effect of object characteristics on performance to guide future efforts towards this goal.
Abstract : We have used a shockfront, produced in a small, electrothermal shocktube filled with 40-60 torr D2, as a model target for studies of the interaction of intense laser light with hot, dense, inhomogeneous plasmas. The CO2 laser pulse (lambda = 10.6 micrometer; 100-500 psec FWHM; typical energy 100 mJ) is tightly focussed, at an oblique angle, onto the shockfront axis, and a laser-Schlieren shockfront detection system fires the laser at the instant the Mach-5 shockfront passes into focus. The shockfront, whose motion is negligible on the time scale of the laser pulse is ionized by optical breakdown. When the laser pulse and the shockfront are properly synchronized, we observe energetic electrons (40-140 keV) to be emitted in a narrow cone centered on the shocktube axis. Our measurements of the angular distribution and energy spectrum of these electrons are in agreement with the predictions of the theory of resonance absorption of laser light by plasmas.
The zirconocene-coupling of diynes with internal silicon substituents, MeC⋮CMe2SiArSiMe2C⋮CMe (1: Ar = 1,4-C6H4; 2: Ar = 1,3-C6H4; 3: Ar = 4,4'-C6H4C6H4), generates regiospecific polymers containing zirconacyclopentadiene in the main chain (5−7). These organometallic polymers hydrolyze cleanly to butadienediyl polymers of the type [Me2SiArSiMe2CHCMeCMeCH]n (11−13), and polymer 5 reacts with iodine to give the iodine-containing polymer [1,4-Me2SiC6H4SiMe2C(I)CMeCMeC(I)]n (14). The organometallic polymers undergo facile and high-yield degradations to macrocycles under mild conditions (refluxing tetrahydrofuran solution). The size and shape of the resulting macrocycles depend upon the nature of the diyne spacer group. Thus, polymers 5 and 7 containing parallel diyne units convert to the trimeric macrocycles [Me2SiArSiMe2C4Me2ZrCp2]3 (15: Ar = 1,4-C6H4; 24: Ar = 4,4'-C6H4C6H4), while polymer 6 gives the dimeric macrocycle [1,3-Me2SiC6H4SiMe2C4Me2ZrCp2]2 (18). The dimeric macrocycle [Me2SiC6H4SiMe2C6H4SiMe2C4Me2ZrCp2]2 (20) was obtained directly from the zirconocene coupling of Me2Si[(1,4-C6H4)SiMe2(C⋮CMe)]2 (4) by heating the reaction mixture to reflux. In a similar manner, the diyne Me2Si(C⋮CMe)2 was converted in high yield to the hexameric macrocycle [Me2SiC4Me2ZrCp2]6 (22). The macrocycles 15, [1,4-Me2SiC6H4SiMe2C4Me2H2]3 (16), and 18 were characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Molecules of 15 adopt a nearly planar C3 macrocyclic structure with a cavity described by an average transannular Si···Si distance of 13.2 Å, while the hydrolyzed macrocycle 16 has a chair conformation. This conformation change results from conversion of cis diene groups in the zirconacyclopendiene fragments to trans diene groups in 16. The high-yield formation of macrocycles apparently results from the reversible nature of the alkyne-coupling reaction, which allows for a low-energy pathway to the smallest macrocycle possessing minimal ring strain.
