Publications

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

To the editor: In the July 29, 2010, issue of Blood , Pillay et al presented a novel study on the kinetics of neutrophils in humans.[1][1] Their study used deuterium in heavy water to label proliferating cells in the marrow. Using a first-order model, the authors found that the neutrophil

A disassembly–reassemblyapproach is used here in the self-organization of [Mo3Se3–]∞ chains—possible molecular wires. Either lamellar or hexagonal mesostructures (see Figure) are formed in the presence of oppositely charged surfactants and the spacing between these inorganic chains can be varied (20–40 Å) by using surfactants with different alkane lengths.

Large, high-capacity models trained on diverse datasets have shown remarkable successes on efficiently tackling downstream applications. In domains from NLP to Computer Vision, this has led to a consolidation of pretrained models, with general pretrained backbones serving as a starting point for many applications. Can such a consolidation happen in robotics? Conventionally, robotic learning methods train a separate model for every application, every robot, and even every environment. Can we instead train generalist X-robot policy that can be adapted efficiently to new robots, tasks, and environments? In this paper, we provide datasets in standardized data formats and models to make it possible to explore this possibility in the context of robotic manipulation, alongside experimental results that provide an example of effective X-robot policies. We assemble a dataset from 22 different robots collected through a collaboration between 21 institutions, demonstrating 527 skills (160266 tasks). We show that a high-capacity model trained on this data, which we call RT-X, exhibits positive transfer and improves the capabilities of multiple robots by leveraging experience from other platforms. More details can be found on the project website https://robotics-transformer-x.github.io.

Abstract Background Patients with asthma may be more susceptible to adverse events ( AE s) with sublingual immunotherapy tablet ( SLIT ‐tablet) treatment, such as severe systemic reactions and asthma‐related events. Using data from eight trials of grass SLIT‐tablet in subjects with allergic rhinitis with/without conjunctivitis ( AR /C), AE frequencies were determined in adults and children with and without reported asthma. Methods Data from randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials of Timothy grass SLIT‐tablet MK ‐7243 (2800 BAU /75 000 SQ ‐T, Merck/ ALK ‐Abelló) were pooled for post hoc analyses. Subjects with uncontrolled and severe asthma were excluded from the trials. Frequencies for treatment‐emergent AE s ( TEAE s), local allergic swelling (mouth or throat), systemic allergic reactions, and asthma‐related treatment‐related AE s ( TRAE s) were calculated. Results Among adults ( n = 3314) and children ( n = 881), 24% and 31%, respectively, had reported asthma. No serious local allergic swellings or serious systemic allergic reactions occurred in subjects with asthma treated with SLIT‐tablet. There was no evidence of increased TEAE s, systemic allergic reactions, or severe local allergic swellings in adults or children with asthma treated with grass SLIT‐tablet versus subjects without asthma in or outside of pollen season. There were 6/120 asthma‐related TRAE s assessed as severe with grass SLIT‐tablet and 2/60 with placebo, without a consistent trend among subjects with and without asthma (5 and 3 events, respectively). Conclusions In the AR /C subjects with reported well‐controlled mild asthma included in these studies, grass SLIT‐tablet did not increase TEAE frequency, severe local allergic swelling, or systemic allergic reactions versus subjects without asthma. There was no indication that treatment led to acute asthma worsening.

Abstract Metastable amorphous precursors are emerging as valuable intermediates for the synthesis of materials with compositions and structures far from equilibrium. Recently, it was found that amorphous calcium barium carbonate (ACBC) can be converted into highly barium‐substituted “balcite,” a metastable high temperature modification of calcite with exceptional hardness. A systematic analysis ACBC (Ca 1‐ x Ba x CO 3 ·1.2H 2 O) in the range from x = 0–0.5 is presented. Combining techniques that independently probe the local environment from the perspective of calcium, barium, and carbonate ions, with total X‐ray scattering and a new molecular dynamics/density functional theory simulations approach, provides a holistic picture of ACBC structure as a function of composition. With increasing barium content, ACBC becomes more ordered at short and medium range, and increasingly similar to crystalline balcite, without developing long‐range order. This is not accompanied by a change in the water content and does not carry a significant energy penalty, but is associated with differences in cation coordination resulting from changing carbonate anion orientation. Therefore, the local order imprinted in ACBC may increasingly lower the kinetic barrier to subsequent transformations as it becomes more pronounced. This pathway offers clues to the design of metastable materials by tuning coordination numbers in the amorphous solid state.

As cluster computing frameworks such as Spark, Dryad, Flink, and Ray are being deployed in mission critical applications and on larger and larger clusters, their ability to tolerate failures is growing in importance. These frameworks employ two broad approaches for fault tolerance: checkpointing and lineage. Checkpointing exhibits low overhead during normal operation but high overhead during recovery, while lineage-based solutions make the opposite tradeoff.

The Zeeman effect for the L valley conduction band electrons in SiGe heterostructures is considered. A detailed calculation of the electron g tensor is performed in the framework of a relevant $\mathit{k}\ensuremath{\cdot}\mathit{p}$ model, developed specifically for the L point of the Brillouin zone. Electrons at the L point are considered under the influence of the different crystallographic orientations, alloy composition, quantum confinement, strain, and electric field, whose interplay causes a considerable deviation of the g tensor components from their bulk values. Our result strongly suggests that the SiGe-based quantum wells are a promising choice for the g tensor engineering for spin manipulation.

Gas-dynamical studies using the Hubble Space Telescope are an integral component for future progress in the search for massive black holes in galactic nuclei. Here we present an extensive set of gas rotation curves obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph for the central regions of 23 disk galaxies. We find that the bulges of randomly selected, nearby spiral and S0 galaxies generally do not contain well-defined gaseous disks. Only 15%-20% of disk galaxies have regular, symmetric velocity fields useful for dynamical analysis. Through comparison of the kinematics with Hubble Space Telescope images of the nuclear regions, we show that the probability of success can be significantly boosted by preselecting objects whose central dust lanes follow a well-ordered, circularly symmetric pattern. The dust morphology can be ascertained efficiently by visual inspection of unsharp-masked images.