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The distributed hash table, or DHT, is a distributed system that provides a traditional hash table’s simple put/get in-terface using a peer-to-peer overlay network. To echo the prevailing hype, DHTs deliver incremental scalability in
This is the executive summary of Dagstuhl Seminar 06131, "Peer-to-Peer-Systems and -Applications". The seminar was held from March 26th to March 29th, 2006, at the International Conference and Research Center for Computer Science at Castle Dagstuhl, Germany.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
A nonlinear s.c.r. circuit model made up of 6 lumped-circuit elements (3 nonlinear capacitors and 3 nonlinear voltage-controlled current sources) is presented. The model can be used for simulating arbitrary s.c.r. circuits under all operating conditions. In particular, it is capable of predicting all important dynamic effects such as turn-on and turn-off transients, dV/dt triggering, and the minimum commutation-time phenomenon. Computer-simulation results show that the model will correctly simulate all well-known triggering modes and turn-off mechanisms. The model is based entirely upon the device's physical operating principles. Each element in the circuit model corresponds to an actual current component. In particular, carrier currents due to both diffusion and generation-recombination are included, in addition to the usual displacementcurrent components across the 3 depletion layers
Surface-modified macroporous polymer monoliths that resist the adsorption of proteins have been prepared using both single- and two-step photografting of hydrophilic monomers. The adsorption of protein was measured using a fluorescence assay based on bovine serum albumin labeled with fluorescein. Acrylamide, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, vinyl pyrrolidinone, and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) monomers were grafted and evaluated for their ability to prevent protein adsorption. Photografted layers of PEGMA reduced protein adsorption to less than 2% relative to unmodified surfaces. The sequential two-step photografting process consisted in (i) the formation of covalently bound surface photoinitiator sites followed by (ii) surface-localized graft polymerization. Monomer concentration and irradiation time during photografting were found to be the most important parameters for optimization of the two-step process. For simultaneous single-step photografting, the solvent and the presence of photoinitiator were the key variables. Initiator-free single-step photografting was less efficient than the two-step technique, yet resulted in similar prevention of protein adsorption after grafting for an extended period of time. The utility of photografting as a simple, patternable modification technique was demonstrated by first creating a hydrophilic surface within the monolith that was subsequently patterned with a layer of reactive 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone polymer chains followed by the immobilization of green fluorescent protein.