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An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
As a simple example of a large heterogeneous queueing system, we consider a single queue with many servers with differing service rates. In the limit of infinitely many servers, we identify a queue control policy that minimizes the average system delay. When there are only two possible server speeds, we can analyze the convergence of this policy to optimality. Based on this result, we propose policies for large but finite systems with a general distribution of server speeds.
We present the first large-scale effort of creating composite spectra of\nhigh-redshift type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and comparing them to low-redshift\ncounterparts. Through the ESSENCE project, we have obtained 107 spectra of 88\nhigh-redshift SNe Ia with excellent light-curve information. In addition, we\nhave obtained 397 spectra of low-redshift SNe through a multiple-decade effort\nat Lick and Keck Observatories, and we have used 45 UV spectra obtained by\nHST/IUE. The low-redshift spectra act as a control sample when comparing to the\nESSENCE spectra. In all instances, the ESSENCE and Lick composite spectra\nappear very similar. The addition of galaxy light to the Lick composite spectra\nallows a nearly perfect match of the overall spectral-energy distribution with\nthe ESSENCE composite spectra, indicating that the high-redshift SNe are more\ncontaminated with host-galaxy light than their low-redshift counterparts. This\nis caused by observing objects at all redshifts with the same slit width, which\ncorresponds to different projected distances. After correcting for the\ngalaxy-light contamination, subtle differences in the spectra remain. We have\nestimated the systematic errors when using current spectral templates for\nK-corrections to be ~0.02 mag. The variance in the composite spectra give an\nestimate of the intrinsic variance in low-redshift maximum-light SN spectra of\n~3% in the optical and growing toward the UV. The difference between the\nmaximum light low and high-redshift spectra constrain SN evolution between our\nsamples to be < 10% in the rest-frame optical.\n
Compositions and methods of making a modified polyhydroxylated polymer comprising a polyhydroxylated polymer having reversibly modified hydroxyl groups, whereby the hydroxyl groups are modified by an acid-catalyzed reaction between a polydroxylated polymer and a reagent such as acetals, aldehydes, vinyl ethers and ketones such that the modified polyhydroxylated polymers become insoluble in water but freely soluble in common organic solvents allowing for the facile preparation of acid-sensitive materials. Materials made from these polymers can be made to degrade in a pH-dependent manner. Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic cargoes were successfully loaded into particles made from the present polymers using single and double emulsion techniques, respectively. Due to its ease of preparation, processability, pH-sensitivity, and biocompatibility, of the present modified polyhydroxylated polymers should find use in numerous drug delivery applications.
Steric hindrance of the ancillary phosphane ligand triggers reductive elimination from aryl palladium complexes of typically unreactive ligands derived from 1,3-dicarbonyl anions [Eq. (1); FcPtBu2=di-tert-butylphosphanylferrocene]. This reaction is the product-forming step of the recently developed palladium-catalyzed malonate arylations. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2002/z19785_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Optical spectropolarimetry of the nucleus of the LINER NGC 1052, obtained at the Keck Observatory, reveals a rise in polarization in the wings of the H-alpha line profile. The polarization vector of H-alpha is offset by 67 degrees from the parsec-scale radio axis and by 83 degrees from the kiloparsec-scale radio axis, roughly in accord with expectations for scattering within the opening cone of an obscuring torus. The broad component of H-alpha has FWHM ~ 2100 km/s in total flux and FWHM ~ 5000 km/s in polarized light. Scattering by electrons is the mechanism most likely responsible for this broadening, and we find T_e ~ 10^5 K for the scattering medium, similar to values observed in Seyfert 2 nuclei. This is the first detection of a polarized broad emission line in a LINER, demonstrating that unified models of active galactic nuclei are applicable to at least some LINERs.
I. SINGLE-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEMS. 1. Equations of Motion, Problem Statement, and Solution Methods. Simple Structures. Single-Degree-of-Freedom System. Force-Displacement Relation. Damping Force. Equation of Motion: External Force. Mass-Spring-Damper System. Equation of Motion: Earthquake Excitation. Problem Statement and Element Forces. Combining Static and Dynamic Responses. Methods of Solution of the Differential Equation. Study of SDF Systems: Organization. Appendix 1: Stiffness Coefficients for a Flexural Element. 2. Free Vibration. Undamped Free Vibration. Viscously Damped Free Vibration. Energy in Free Vibration. Coulomb-Damped Free Vibration. 3. Response to Harmonic and Periodic Excitations. Viscously Damped Systems: Basic Results. Harmonic Vibration of Undamped Systems. Harmonic Vibration with Viscous Damping. Viscously Damped Systems: Applications. Response to Vibration Generator. Natural Frequency and Damping from Harmonic Tests. Force Transmission and Vibration Isolation. Response to Ground Motion and Vibration Isolation. Vibration-Measuring Instruments. Energy Dissipated in Viscous Damping. Equivalent Viscous Damping. Systems with Nonviscous Damping. Harmonic Vibration with Rate-Independent Damping. Harmonic Vibration with Coulomb Friction. Response to Periodic Excitation. Fourier Series Representation. Response to Periodic Force. Appendix 3: Four-Way Logarithmic Graph Paper. 4. Response to Arbitrary, Step, and Pulse Excitations.Response to Arbitrarily Time-Varying Forces. Response to Unit Impulse. Response to Arbitrary Force. Response to Step and Ramp Forces. Step Force. Ramp or Linearly Increasing Force. Step Force with Finite Rise Time. Response to Pulse Excitations. Solution Methods. Rectangular Pulse Force. Half-Cycle Sine Pulse Force. Symmetrical Triangular Pulse Force. Effects of Pulse Shape and Approximate Analysis for Short Pulses. Effects of Viscous Damping. Response to Ground Motion. 5. Numerical Evaluation of Dynamic Response. Time-Stepping Methods. Methods Based on Interpolation of Excitation. Central Difference Method. Newmark's Method. Stability and Computational Error. Analysis of Nonlinear Response: Central Difference Method. Analysis of Nonlinear Response: Newmark's Method. 6. Earthquake Response of Linear Systems. Earthquake Excitation. Equation of Motion. Response Quantities. Response History. Response Spectrum Concept. Deformation, Pseudo-Velocity, and Pseudo-Acceleration Response Spectra. Peak Structural Response from the Response Spectrum. Response Spectrum Characteristics. Elastic Design Spectrum. Comparison of Design ad Response Spectra. Distinction between Design and Response Spectra. Velocity and Acceleration Response Spectra. Appendix 6: El Centro, 1940 Ground Motion. 7. Earthquake Response of Inelastic Systems. Force-Deformation Relations. Normalized Yield Strength, Yield Strength Reduction Factor, and Ductility Factor. Equation of Motion and Controlling Parameters. Effects of Yielding. Response Spectrum for Yield Deformation and Yield Strength. Yield Strength and Deformation from the Response Spectrum. Yield Strength-Ductility Relation. Relative Effects of Yielding and Damping. Dissipated Energy. Energy Dissipation Devices. Inelastic Design Spectrum. Applications of the Design Spectrum. Comparison of Design and Response Spectra. 8. Generalized Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems. Generalized SDF Systems. Rigid-Body Assemblages. Systems with Distributed Mass and Elasticity. Lumped-Mass System: Shear Building. Natural Vibration Frequency by Rayleigh's Method. Selection of Shape Function. Appendix 8: Inertia Forces for Rigid Bodies. II. MULTI-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEMS. 9. Equations of Motion, Problem Statement, and Solution Methods. Simple System: Two-Story Shear Building. General Approach for Linear Systems. Static Condensation. Planar or Symmetric-Plan Systems: Ground Motion. Unsymmetric-Plan Building: Ground Motion. Symmetric-Plan Buildings: Torsional Excitation. Multiple Support Excitation. Inelastic Systems. Problem Statement. Element Forces. Methods for Solving the Equations of Motion: Overview. 10. Free Vibration. Natural Vibration Frequencies and Modes. Systems without Damping. Natural Vibration Frequencies and Modes. Modal and Spectral Matrices. Orthogonality of Modes. Interpretation of Modal Orthogonality. Normalization of Modes. Modal Expansion of Displacements. Free Vibration Response. Solution of Free Vibration Equations: Undamped Systems. Free Vibration of Systems with Damping. Solution of Free Vibration Equations: Classically Damped Systems. Computation of Vibration Properties. Solution Methods for the Eigenvalue Problem. Rayleigh's Quotient. Inverse Vector Iteration Method. Vector Iteration with Shifts: Preferred Procedure. Transformation of kA A = ...w2mA A to the Standard Form. 11. Damping in Structures.Experimental Data and Recommended Modal Damping Ratios. Vibration Properties of Millikan Library Building. Estimating Modal Damping Ratios. Construction of Damping Matrix. Damping Matrix. Classical Damping Matrix. Nonclassical Damping Matrix. 12. Dynamic Analysis and Response of Linear Systems.Two-Degree-of-Freedom Systems. Analysis of Two-DOF Systems without Damping. Vibration Absorber or Tuned Mass Damper. Modal Analysis. Modal Equations for Undamped Systems. Modal Equations for Damped Systems. Displacement Response. Element Forces. Modal Analysis: Summary. Modal Response Contributions. Modal Expansion of Excitation Vector p (t) = s p(T). Modal Analysis for p (t) = s p(T). Modal Contribution Factors. Modal Responses and Required Number of Modes. Special Analysis Procedures. Static Correction Method. Mode Acceleration Superposition Method. Analysis of Nonclassically Damped Systems. 13. Earthquake Analysis of Linear Systems.Response History Analysis. Modal Analysis. Multistory Buildings with Symmetric Plan. Multistory Buildings with Unsymmetric Plan. Torsional Response of Symmetric-Plan Buildings. Response Analysis for Multiple Support Excitation. Structural Idealization and Earthquake Response. Response Spectrum Analysis. Peak Response from Earthquake Response Spectrum. Multistory Buildings with Symmetric Plan. Multistory Buildings with Unsymmetric Plan. 14. Reduction of Degrees of Freedom. Kinematic Constraints. Mass Lumping in Selected DOFs. Rayleigh-Ritz Method. Selection of Ritz Vectors. Dynamic Analysis Using Ritz Vectors. 15. Numerical Evaluation of Dynamic Response. Time-Stepping Methods. Analysis of Linear Systems with Nonclassical Damping. Analysis of Nonlinear Systems. 16. Systems with Distributed Mass and Elasticity. Equation of Undamped Motion: Applied Forces. Equation of Undamped Motion: Support Excitation. Natural Vibration Frequencies and Modes. Modal Orthogonality. Modal Analysis of Forced Dynamic Response. Earthquake Response History Analysis. Earthquake Response Spectrum Analysis. Difficulty in Analyzing Practical Systems. 17. Introduction to the Finite Element Method.Rayleigh-Ritz Method. Formulation Using Conservation of Energy. Formulation Using Virtual Work. Disadvantages of Rayleigh-Ritz Method. Finite Element Method. Finite Element Approximation. Analysis Procedure. Element Degrees of Freedom and Interpolation Function. Element Stiffness Matrix. Element Mass Matrix. Element (Applied) Force Vector. Comparison of Finite Element and Exact Solutions. Dynamic Analysis of Structural Continua. III. EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE AND DESIGN OF MULTISTORY BUILDINGS. 18. Earthquake Response of Linearly Elastic Buildings. Systems Analyzed, Design Spectrum, and Response Quantities. Influence of T 1 and r on Response. Modal Contribution Factors. Influence of T 1 on Higher-Mode Response. Influence of r on Higher-Mode Response. Heightwise Variation of Higher-Mode Response. How Many Modes to Include. 19. Earthquake Response of Inelastic Buildings. Allowable Ductility and Ductility Demand. Buildings with Weak or Soft First Story. Buildings Designed for Code Force Distribution. Limited Scope. Appendix 19: Properties of Multistory Buildings. 20. Earthquake Dynamics of Base-Isolated Buildings. Isolation Systems. Base-Isolated One-Story Buildings. Effectiveness of Base Isolation. Base-Isolated Multistory Buildings. Applications of Base Isolation. 21. Structural Dynamics in Building Codes. Building Codes and Structural Dynamics. International Building Code (United States), 2000. National Building Code of Canada, 1995. Mexico Federal District Code, 1993. Eurocode 8. Structural Dynamics in Building Codes. Evaluation of Building Codes. Base Shear. Story Shears and Equivalent Static Forces. Overturning Moments. Concluding Remarks. Appendix A: Frequency Domain Method of Response Analysis.Appendix B: Notation.Appendix C: Answers to Selected Problems.Index.
Research Article| October 01, 1993 Potassic volcanism near Mono basin, California: Evidence for high water and oxygen fugacities inherited from subduction Rebecca A. Lange; Rebecca A. Lange 1Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Ian S. E. Carmichael; Ian S. E. Carmichael 2Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Paul R. Renne Paul R. Renne 3Institute of Human Origins Geochronology Center, 2453 Ridge Road, Berkeley, California 94709 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Rebecca A. Lange 1Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 Ian S. E. Carmichael 2Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Paul R. Renne 3Institute of Human Origins Geochronology Center, 2453 Ridge Road, Berkeley, California 94709 Publisher: Geological Society of America First Online: 02 Jun 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 Geological Society of America Geology (1993) 21 (10): 949–952. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0949:PVNMBC>2.3.CO;2 Article history First Online: 02 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Rebecca A. Lange, Ian S. E. Carmichael, Paul R. Renne; Potassic volcanism near Mono basin, California: Evidence for high water and oxygen fugacities inherited from subduction. Geology 1993;; 21 (10): 949–952. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0949:PVNMBC>2.3.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Exposed around the margins of Mono basin and the periphery of Long Valley caldera are ∼100 km3 of potassic, basic to intermediate lavas that record high water and oxygen fugacities. Most eruptions occurred between 4 and 2 Ma, although sporadic potassic volcanism continued into the Quaternary with a pulse between 0.1 and 0.5 Ma, ∼15 km northeast of Mono basin. The lava types include absarokite, minette, hornblende lamprophyre, trachybasalt, and trachyandesite. Estimated water contents for lavas without hydrous phenocrysts range between 2 and 3 wt% considerably more than mid-ocean ridge, oceanic island, or back-arc magmas. Calculated fO2, values fall between -0.4 and +1.2 log units of the Ni-NiO buffer. Although this potassic suite was erupted in an extensional tectonic setting at the western margin of the Basin and Range province, its high K2O/TiO2 and low Zr/Ba ratios suggest a subduction-modified mantle source. If subduction was the process that enriched the lithospheric mantle in large-ion lithophile elements (K, Ba, etc.), it was also a mechanism for mantle oxidation and hydration. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
No abstract is provided for this article.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
