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The following topics are dealt with: The First International Workshop on Requirements Engineering for Social Computing (RESC'11)1 was held in Trento on August 29, 2011, in conjunction with the 19th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference. The aim of the workshop was to explore the relationship between requirements engineering and social computing. The workshop consisted of eight technical papers, an invited talk, and a panel discussion. Workshop participants presented and discussed their perspectives on the area. In this note, we summarize the highlights of the workshop.
Catalysts and catalytic technologies may hold the key to a host of less environmentally harmful products, less polluting processes, and techniques for controlling air pollution. The development of catalysts for the destruction of halogenated hydrocarbons is representative of efforts aimed at this objective. The challenges posed by the need for environmentally benign processes and products offer exciting opportunities for the discovery and development of new catalysts and catalytic technologies. This article outlines current activities in the application of catalysis for environmental protection and identifies future opportunities for research and development.
ABSTRACT Three proteins encoded by murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)— gp34, encoded by m04 ( m04 /gp34), gp48, encoded by m06 ( m06/ gp48), and gp40, encoded by m152 ( m152 /gp40)—act together to powerfully impact the ability of primed cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTL) to kill virus-infected cells. Of these three, the impact of m152/ gp40 on CTL lysis appears greater than would be expected based on its impact on cell surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. In addition to MHC class I, m152 /gp40 also downregulates the RAE-1 family of NKG2D ligands, which can provide costimulation for CD8 T cells. We hypothesized that m152/ gp40 may impact CTL lysis so profoundly because it inhibits both antigen presentation and NKG2D-mediated costimulation. We therefore tested the extent to which m152/ gp40's ability to inhibit CTL lysis of MCMV-infected cells could be accounted for by its inhibition of NKG2D signaling. As was predictable from the results reported in the literature, NKG2D ligands were not detected by NKG2D tetramer staining of cells infected with wild-type MCMV, whereas those infected with MCMV lacking m152 /gp40 displayed measurable levels of the NKG2D ligand. To determine whether NKG2D signaling contributed to the ability of CTL to lyse these cells, we used a blocking anti-NKG2D antibody. Blocking NKG2D signaling did affect the killing of MCMV-infected cells for some epitopes. However, for all epitopes, the impact of m152 /gp40 on CTL lysis was much greater than the impact of inhibition of NKG2D signaling. We conclude that the downregulation of NKG2D ligands by MCMV makes only a small contribution to the impact of m152 /gp40 on CTL lysis and only for a small subset of CTL.
Este artigo analisa o crescimento exponencial do número de detentos ocorrido nos Estados Unidos a partir de meados dos anos 70. Procura mostrar que esse crescimento não corresponde a um aumento da criminalidade, mas à conjugação de três séries causais, quais sejam: o declínio do "ideal de reabilitação" dos prisioneiros, a instrumentalização do medo da violência pelos políticos e pela mídia e a função de mecanismo de controle racial assumido pelo sistema penal americano. Em suma, a hiperflação carcerária revela a contraface do enfraquecimento do Estado de Bem-Estar Social e a sua substituição por um Estado penal.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent an extensive class of porous crystals in which organic ‘struts’ are linked by metal oxide units to make an open networks. The flexibility with which their building units can be varied and their ultra-high porosity (up to 10,000 m2/g) have led to many applications in gas storage and separations for clean energy production, to mention a few. This lecture will focus on how one can design porosity within MOFs to affect highly selective separations (carbon dioxide), storage (hydrogen and methane) and molecular recognition. The lecture will outline a new concept involving the design of a ‘gene’-like sequences in MOFs that code for specific separations and chemical transformations.
Macroinvertebrate guild assignments and length–biomass regressions.
This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Tw2 Twitchell Corn. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Tw2 Twitchell Corn produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - The Twitchell Corn site is a corn field on peat soil. The tower was installed on May 17, 2012 and was equipped to analyze energy, H2O and CO2 fluxes. The field was planted in early May 2012 and harvested in early November 2012. The field was fallow during the non-growing season. The variety of corn used was ES-7477 hybrid corn commercialized by Eureka seeds. Beginning 2013-05-09 this site was converted to wetland. The tower was moved 540m ESE to avoid earth moving in the construction. The site is near US-Tw1, US-Tw3 and US-Twt sites.
