Author(s): Pletcher, D.; Gladden, John M.; Holmes, B. M.; Keasling, Jay D.; Lane, S.; Morrell, W.; Panganiban, A. Herrera; Petersen, J.; Townsend-Merino, F. W.; Wildman, J.; Adams, Paul D.
Abstract This reaction yields quaternary fluorine‐substituted stereocenters with good enantioselectivities, which are interesting building blocks for synthetic and medicinal chemistry.
In photonic crystals, electromagnetic waves can be confined in all three dimensions – leading to very small mode volumes. A computational search has been made for the smallest electromagnetic mode volume which occurs in two-dimensional, dielectric photonic crystals slabs. The smallest mode volume found was V ≈ 2(λ/2n)3, where n is the refractive index. This small mode volume can lead to significant enhancement of spontaneous emission rates in semiconductor nano-cavities due to the Purcell effect.
The direct, Ir-catalyzed, regio- and enantioselective amination of allylic alcohols with Lewis acid activators to form branched allylic amine products is reported. The reactions of arylamines, benzylic amines, and secondary aliphatic amines in the presence of Nb(OEt)5 as activator occurred with high regioselectivities and high enantioselectivities. These results led to the development of Ir-catalyzed reactions of allylic alcohol with arylamines and BPh3 as activator in catalytic amounts. These reactions are rare examples of enantioselective substitutions of allylic alcohols. They are particularly unusual examples of the substitution of allylic alcohols to generate branched substitution products from monosubstituted allylic alcohols and of enantioselective substitutions of allylic alcohols with amine nucleophiles.
Question The context for the implementation of evidence-based psychological treatments (EBPTs) often differs from the context in which the treatment was developed, which necessitates adaptations. In this systematic review we build on, and add to, prior approaches by examining the method used to guide such adaptations. In particular, we sought to elucidate the extent to which an empirical process is used. Study selection and analysis We focused on publications describing adaptations made to EBPTs for adults diagnosed with a mental illness. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and Web of Science from database inception to July 2018. Two raters independently coded the articles for the method used to conduct the adaptation, the reason for and nature of the adaptation, and who made the adaptation. Findings The search produced 20 194 citations, which yielded 152 articles after screening. The most commonly used methods for planned adaptations were literature review (57.7%), clinical intuition (47.0%) and theory (38.9%). The use of data from stakeholder interviews ranked fourth (21.5%) and the use of other types of data (eg, pilot study, experiment, survey, interview) ranked last at fifth (12.1%). Few publications reporting ad hoc adaptations were identified (n=3). Conclusions This review highlights a need to (a) educate providers and researchers to carefully consider the methods used for the treatment adaptation process, and to use empirical methods where possible and where appropriate, (b) improve the quality of reporting of stakeholder interviews and (c) develop reporting standards that articulate optimal methods for conducting treatment adaptations.
The effect of dehumidified silicone and paraffin oils with viscosities from 5 to 60, 000 cS, on fatigue crack propagation in a low alloy steel is examined at both near-threshold (~ 10-6 mm/cycle) and higher (~ 10-6 to 10-3 mm/cycle) growth rates. Results show that at low load ratios crack growth rates in oil exceed those in moist air at near-threshold levels, whereas at higher growth rates crack propagation in moist air is considerably faster than in oil. Such observations are discussed in terms of three mechanisms specific to dry oil environments: suppression of moisture-induced hydrogen embrittlement and/or metal dissolution, minimization of oxide-induced crack closure and hydrodynamic wedging effects of the viscous fluid within the crack.
We report the first epitaxial regrowth on lifted-off large-area micron-thick single-crystal GaAs films bonded by surface tension (van der Waals) forces to a foreign substrate. GaAs quantum wells grown by MOCVD on a GaAs film which had been van der Waals bonded to an Si substrate showed linewidths and luminescence efficiencies comparable to those grown directly on GaAs substrates.
Auf dem Weg zum „Heiligen Gral”︁? Die regioselektive Funktionalisierung von Alkanen gelingt mit kommerziell erhältlichen Rheniumkatalysatoren und Boranreagentien unter photochemischen Bedingungen [Gl. (1)]. Mechanistische Untersuchungen weisen darauf hin, daß die Regioselektivität auf die direkte thermische Reaktion eines photochemisch gebildeten 16-Elektronen-Borylkomplexes mit dem Alkan zurückzuführen ist.
