Publications

Abstract not Available.

The precise role of CD4 T cell turnover in maintaining HIV persistence during antiretroviral therapy (ART) has not yet been well characterized. In resting CD4 T cell subpopulations from 24 HIV-infected ART-suppressed and 6 HIV-uninfected individuals, we directly measured cellular turnover by heavy water labeling, HIV reservoir size by integrated HIV-DNA (intDNA) and cell-associated HIV-RNA (caRNA), and HIV reservoir clonality by proviral integration site sequencing. Compared to HIV-negatives, ART-suppressed individuals had similar fractional replacement rates in all subpopulations, but lower absolute proliferation rates of all subpopulations other than effector memory (TEM) cells, and lower plasma IL-7 levels (p = 0.0004). Median CD4 T cell half-lives decreased with cell differentiation from naïve to TEM cells (3 years to 3 months, p<0.001). TEM had the fastest replacement rates, were most highly enriched for intDNA and caRNA, and contained the most clonal proviral expansion. Clonal proviruses detected in less mature subpopulations were more expanded in TEM, suggesting that they were maintained through cell differentiation. Earlier ART initiation was associated with lower levels of intDNA, caRNA and fractional replacement rates. In conclusion, circulating integrated HIV proviruses appear to be maintained both by slow turnover of immature CD4 subpopulations, and by clonal expansion as well as cell differentiation into effector cells with faster replacement rates.

Costus oil, an iol isolated from a Composite, Saussurea lappa C., used in perfumery, is responsible of numerous cases of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). The haptens incriminated are sesquiterpene lactones, costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone. These lactones can be removed from the oil by using a polymer, aminoethyl-polystyrene, to which they become bound: the passing solution is lactone-free. A group of guinea-pigs could be successfully sensitized (Freund Complete Adjuvant Test) to costus essential oil, while another group, injected in the same way with polymer-treated essential oil (i.e. lactones) could not be sensitized. This polymer therefore provides a means to render complex plant extracts non-allergic.

Alicia L. Salvatore, DrPH, Jonathan Chevrier,PhD, Asa Bradman, PhD, Jose´ Camacho,Jesu´sLo´pez, Geri Kavanagh-Baird, BA,Meredith Minkler, DrPH,and Brenda Eskenazi, PhDWe evaluated a community-based participatory research work-site intervention intended to im-prove farmworkers’ behaviors atwork and after work to reduce oc-cupational and take-home pesti-cide exposures. The workersreceived warm water and soap forhand washing, gloves, coveralls,and education. Self-reported as-sessments before and after the in-tervention revealed that glove use,wearing clean work clothes, andhand washing at the midday breakand before going home improvedsignificantly. Some behaviors, suchas hand washing before eating andmany targeted after-work behaviors,did not improve, indicating a needfor additional intervention. (Am JPublic Health. 2009;99:S578–S581.doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.149146)Agricultural pesticide exposure amongfarmworkers is a long-standing occupationalhealth and environmental justice concern.

Many cooperative overlay multicast systems of diverse designs have been implemented and deployed. In this paper, we explore a new architecture for overlay multicast: we factor out the control plane into a separate overlay that provides a single primitive: a configurable anycast for peer selection. This separation of control and data overlays has several advantages. Data overlays can be optimized for efficient content delivery, while the control overlay can be optimized for flexible and efficient peer selection. Several data channels can share a control plane for fast switching among content channels, which is particularly important for IPTV. And, the control overlay can be reused in multicast systems with different data plane organizations. We designed and evaluated a decentralized control overlay for endsystem multicast. The overlay proactively aggregates system state and implements a powerful anycast primitive for peer selection. We demonstrate that SAAR“s efficiency in locating peers reduces channel switching time, improves the quality of content delivery, and reduces overhead, even under dynamic conditions and at scale. An experimental evaluation demonstrates that the system can efficiently support single-tree, multitree and block-based multicast systems.

The solid-state portion of the W-Mo-Cr phase diagram is computed without the use of empirically adjustable parameters. The phase diagram is calculated using the bcc tetrahedron approximation of the cluster variation method (CVM) formulated with an independent set of multisite correlation functions. A set of volume-independent effective cluster interactions (ECI's) are used to parametrize the configurational energetics of the system; they are obtained using the method of direct configurational averaging based on a tight-binding, linearized muffin-tin-orbital Hamiltonian. The nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor pair ECI's are found to be dominant and indicate clustering tendencies for all binary systems (W-Mo, W-Cr, and Mo-Cr), consistent with experiment; triplet and higher-order pair interactions are significantly smaller. The ternary phase diagram for W-Mo-Cr is analyzed using twelve ECI's within the bcc tetrahedron, and while there is no experimental data for this ternary system, the results are quite encouraging even though transition temperatures on the binary edges are overestimated. The latter discrepancy is most likely due to the neglect of elastic relaxations driven by the large size mismatch of the constituent elements or to the neglect of vibrational contributions to the free energy.

<p>Supplementary Table 2. Sex-Specific Standard Deviations of Body Composition Measurements (CT SMA, DXA ALM, D3Cr Muscle, CT TAT, and DXA TBF)</p>

Hydroxyl-terminated, poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer-capped platinum and rhodium nanoparticles were studied with UV−vis, Fourier transform IR, and UV-Raman spectroscopy. The adsorption bands in the region of 190−900 nm were shown to be sensitive to the electronic structure of Pt compounds in solution and in the solid state. The electron charge-transfer Pt2+ ← N band at 260 nm was attributed to mononuclear Pt2+ compounds, and resonance Raman (244 nm) established that the electron donors are amide nitrogen atoms. Multidentate coordination bonding with Pt2+ causes a strong stabilizing chelate effect, and this entropic factor hinders reduction of Pt2+ by BH4−. UV diffuse-reflectance spectra showed the appearance of new bands at 300 and 342 nm in PtG4OH deposited on mesoporous silica (SBA-15) induced by heating under reducing conditions. The new bands can be assigned to platinum clusters like binuclear Pt2+−Pt2+ and higher, dendrimer-capped analogs of platinum blue compounds. In the temperature range of 30 to 350 °C, the decomposition of G4OH begins above 150 °C with dehydrogenation of backbone. The presence of platinum and rhodium particles decreased the initial temperature of decay. In reducing conditions, the PtG4OH undergoes rearrangements of its secondary structure due to the formation of metallic platinum clusters. UV- photochemical degradation of G4OH, Pt- and Rh-dendrimer systems in ozone-rich atmosphere as well in H2 and Ar showed that effect of UV light is greater than the of ozone. The ratio of initial rates for photolysis and "dark" ozonolysis was Whv/WO3 ∼ 40.