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The Reinventing Capitalism series seeks to feature explorations about the crisis of legitimacy facing capitalism today, including the increasing income and wealth gap, the decline of the middle class, threats to employment due to globalization and digitalization, undermined trust in institutions, discrimination against minorities, global poverty and pollution. The series is intended to be a collection of authoritative literature reviews of foundational topics on renewing capitalism. Being grounded in a business and management perspective, the series incorporates insights from multiple disciplines that promise to substantiate the causes of the current crisis and potential solutions what needs to be done. This Element provides an overview of the series, explains the background of its development and contains eight sections that deal with various facets of the subject from the perspectives of a group of top-notch authors.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Ideas and Opinions6 December 2016The Most Critical Health Care Issues for the Next President to AddressStephen M. Shortell, PhD, MPH, MBA and Diane Rittenhouse, MD, MPHStephen M. Shortell, PhD, MPH, MBAFrom University of California, Berkeley, and University of California, San Francisco, California. and Diane Rittenhouse, MD, MPHFrom University of California, Berkeley, and University of California, San Francisco, California.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M16-2471 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The most important action the next president can take to advance health and health care in the United States is to articulate an overarching vision and set of core principles to guide the nation toward better health. The vision should be to ensure that all people living in the United States have the opportunity to live healthy, productive lives. This vision would recognize the decades of research revealing that the social determinants of health—our physical and social environments and health behaviors—are the major determinants of our health (1).Five core principles that the president could highlight are as follows. First, ...References1. McGinnis JM, Williams-Russo P, Knickman JR. The case for more active policy attention to health promotion. Health Aff (Millwood). 2002;21:78-93. [PMID: 11900188] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Bradley EH, Taylor LA. The American Health Care Paradox: Why Spending More Is Getting Us Less. New York: PublicAffairs; 2013. Google Scholar3. Lavizzo-Mourey R. Halfway there? Health reform starts now. JAMA. 2016;315:1335-6. [PMID: 26940727] doi:10.1001/jama.2016.1732 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Shortell SM. Bridging the divide between health and health care. JAMA. 2013;309:1121-2. [PMID: 23512058] doi:10.1001/jama.2013.887 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Curtis CJ, Clapp J, Niederman SA, Ng SW, Angell SY. US food industry progress during the National Salt Reduction Initiative: 2009–2014. Am J Public Health. 2016;106:1815-9. [PMID: 27552265] doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303397 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. Partnership for a Healthier America. 2015 Annual Progress Report. Washington, DC: Partnership for a Healthier America; 2016. Google Scholar7. Oberlander J. From Obamacare to Hillarycare—Democrats' health care reform agenda. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:1309-1311. [PMID: 27627459] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. Jost TS, Pollack H. Key Proposals to Strengthen the Affordable Care Act. New York: The Century Foundation; 23 November 2015. Google Scholar9. Clinton H. My vision for universal, quality, affordable health care. N Engl J Med. 2016. [PMID: 27681881] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar10. Kocot SL, White R. Medicare ACOs: incremental progress, but performance varies. Health Affairs Blog. 21 September 2016. Accessed at http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2016/09/21/medicare-acos-incremental-progress-but-performance-varies on 24 October 2016. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of California, Berkeley, and University of California, San Francisco, California.Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M16-2471.Corresponding Author: Stephen M. Shortell, PhD, MPH, MBA, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720.Current Author Addresses: Dr. Shortell: School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720.Dr. Rittenhouse: Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 500 Parnassus Avenue, Room MU 308-E, San Francisco, CA 94143-0900.Author Contributions: Conception and design: S.M. Shortell, D. Rittenhouse.Drafting of the article: S.M. Shortell, D. Rittenhouse.Critical revision of the article for important intellectual content: S.M. Shortell, D. Rittenhouse.Final approval of the article: S.M. Shortell, D. Rittenhouse.This article was published at www.annals.org on 1 November 2016. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHealth Insurance and Blood Pressure Control 6 December 2016Volume 165, Issue 11Page: 816-817KeywordsFoodHealth careHealth care providersHealth insuranceMotivationPainPrevention, policy, and public healthPublic policyTaxesVision ePublished: 1 November 2016 Issue Published: 6 December 2016 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2016 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
As the Internet makes the transition from research testbed to commercial enterprise, the topic of pricing in computer networks has suddenly attracted great attention. Much of the discussion in the network design community and the popular press centers on the usage-based vs. flat pricing debate. The more academic literature has largely focused on devising optimal pricing policies; achieving optimal welfare requires charging marginal congestion costs for usage. In this paper we critique this optimality paradigm on three grounds: (1) marginal cost prices may not produce sufficient revenue to fully recover costs and so are perhaps of limited relevance, (2) congestion costs are inherently inaccessible to the network and so cannot reliably form the basis for pricing, and (3) there are other, more structural, goals besides optimality, and some of these goals are incompatible with the global uniformity required for optimal pricing schemes. For these reasons, we contend that the research agenda on pricing in computer network should shift away from the optimality paradigm and focus more on structural and architectural issues. Such issues include allowing local control of pricing policies, fostering interconnection, handling multicast appropriately, and allowing receivers to pay for transmission. To illustrate our point, we describe how these goals might be accomplished in the context of a different pricing paradigm: edge pricing. In addition, we argue that in the context of this edge pricing paradigm, usage-based pricing and flat pricing are not radically different but instead both reside along the single continuum of usage-constraining pricing policies.
We introduce a practical, new, face-centered-cubic dielectric structure which simultaneously solves two of the outstanding problems in photonic band structure. In this new ``photonic crystal'' the atoms are nonspherical, lifting the degeneracy at the W point of the Brillouin zone, and permitting a full photonic band gap rather than a pseudogap. Furthermore, this fully three-dimensional fcc structure lends itself readily to microfabrication on the scale of optical wavelengths. It is created by simply drilling three sets of holes 35.26\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} off vertical into the top surface of a solid slab or wafer, as can be done, for example, by chemical-beam-assisted ion etching.
The cross-coupling reaction of aryl bromides and iodides with aliphatic and aromatic thiols catalyzed by palladium complexes of the bisphosphine ligand CyPF-tBu (1) is reported. Reactions occur in excellent yields, broad scope, high tolerance of functional groups, and with turnover numbers that exceed those of previous catalysts by 2 or 3 orders of magnitude. These couplings of bromo- and iodoarenes are more efficient than the corresponding reactions of chloroarenes and could be conducted with less catalyst loading and/or milder reaction conditions. Consequently, limitations regarding scope and functional group tolerance previously reported in the coupling of aryl chlorides are now overcome.
We analyze the characteristics of overlay routing networks generated by selfish nodes playing competitive network construction games. We explore several networking scenarios - some simplistic, others more realistic - and analyze the resulting Nash equilibrium graphs with respect to topology, performance, and resilience. We find a fundamental tradeoff between performance and resilience, and show that limiting the degree of nodes is of great importance in controlling this balance. Further, by varying the cost function, the game produces widely different topologies; one parameter in particular - the relative cost between maintaining an overlay link and increasing the path length to other nodes - can generate topologies with node-degree distributions whose tails vary from exponential to power-law. We conclude that competitive games can create overlay routing networks satisfying very diverse goals.
The authors have been investigating a new route to stable yttrium and lanthanide silyl derivatives, Cp*{sub 2}LnSiH(SiMe{sub 3}){sub 2} (Ln = Y, Nd, Sm), by the reaction of Cp*{sub 2}LnCH(SiMe{sub 3}){sub 2} with H{sub 2}Si(SiMe{sub 3}){sub 2}. The mechanism of this reaction, which does not go through a simple sigma bond metathesis, and the generality of this route to the synthesis of other lanthanide silyls will be discussed. In addition, this paper will report reactivity studies of these complexes with various substrates (e.g., Ph{sub 2}SiH{sub 2}, Ph{sub 3}SiSiH{sub 3}, MeSiH{sub 3}) which indicate that Ln-Si bonds are quite reactive.
A simple physically-based model for the abrasive wear of composite materials is presented based on the mechanics and mechanisms associated with sliding wear in soft (ductile)- matrix composites containing hard (brittle) reinforcement particles. The model is based on the assumption that any portion of the reinforcement that is removed as wear debris cannot contribute to the wear resistance of the matrix material. The size of this non-contributing portion (NCP) of reinforcement is estimated by modeling three primary wear mechanisms, specifically, plowing, cracking at the matrix/reinforcement interface or in the reinforcement, and particle removal. Critical variables describing the role of the reinforcement, such as relative size, fracture toughness and the nature of the matrix/reinforcement interface, are characterized by a single contribution coefficient, C. Predictions are compared with the results of experimental two-body (pin-on-drum) abrasive wear tests performed on a model aluminum particulate-reinforced epoxy-matrix composite material.
